The relationship between cadmium exposure or body burden and the concentration of cadmium in blood and urine in man

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lauwerys ◽  
J. P. Buchet ◽  
H. Roels
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between cadmium exposure and renal volume in inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area of Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Liang Sun ◽  
Teruhiko Kido ◽  
Hideaki Nakagawa ◽  
Muneko Nishijo ◽  
Masaru Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Persistent, Ecotoxic and Bioaccumulative Compounds and their Possible Environmental Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ballschmiter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Major Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pollutant Transfer ◽  
Environmental Compartments

The relationship between physicochemical properties, environmental distribution and effects of organochlorine compounds as a major class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are discussed. The environmental fate of a compound includes its transport and dispersion in the environment as well as its accumulation and transformation in defined environmental compartments. Accumulation and transformation as the result of environmental distribution may have long-term consequences; this is indicated by the ultimate accumulation and long-term bioactivity of several widely spread organochlorines, and is clearly evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere.Depending on the order of trophic levelsbiomagnifiaction factors of 10,000 up to 100,000 are encountered for persistentsemivolatile organochlorines such as 4,4'-DDE, PCB congeners or some Toxapheneconstituents. Mammals show intra-species pollutant transfer during thelactation period. While the mother animal is partly depleting its bodyburden, the calve accumulates in a critical period of its life via themilk a concentrated input of persistent organochlorines. A similar depletionphenomenon is also found for fish and crustacean which enrich in the eggsa substantial part of the accumulated body burden of the female.The air skimming of semivolatiles by plantsurfaces leads to surprisingly high levels of pollutants in the uppersoil layers of forests that otherwise would be considered pristine interms of human activities.

Side-Effects: Mercury Contribution to Body Burden From Dental Amalgam

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to examine and report on studies that relate mercury levels in human tissues to the presence of dental amalgams, giving special attention to autopsy studies. Until recently, there have been few published studies examining the relationship between dental amalgams and tissue mercury levels. Improved and highly sensitive tissue analysis techniques have made it possible to measure elements in the concentration range of parts per billion. The fact that mercury can be absorbed and reach toxic levels in human tissues makes any and all exposure to that element of scientific interest. Dental amalgams have long been believed to be of little significance as contributors to the overall body burden of mercury, because the elemental form of mercury is rapidly consumed in the setting reaction of the restoration. Studies showing measurable elemental mercury vapor release from dental amalgams have raised renewed concern about amalgam safety. Mercury vapor absorption occurs through the lungs, with about 80% of the inhaled vapor being absorbed by the lungs and rapidly entering the bloodstream. Following distribution by blood circulation, mercury can enter and remain in certain tissues for longer periods of time, since the half-life of excretion is prolonged. Two of the primary target organs of concern are the central nervous system and kidneys.

Human Body Burden and Dietary Methylmercury Intake: The Relationship in a Rice-Consuming Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 9682-9689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Xinbin Feng ◽  
Hing-Man Chan ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Buyun Du
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and Magnesium

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Matović ◽  
Aleksandra Buha ◽  
Zorica Bulat ◽  
Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Stress Induction

Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and MagnesiumDiscovered in late 1817, cadmium is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. It is associated with renal, neurological, skeletal and other toxic effects, including reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. There is still much to find out about its mechanisms of action, biomarkers of critical effects, and ways to reduce health risks. At present, there is no clinically efficient agent to treat cadmium poisoning due to predominantly intracellular location of cadmium ions. This article gives a brief review of cadmium-induced oxidative stress and its interactions with essential elements zinc and magnesium as relevant mechanisms of cadmium toxicity. It draws on available literature data and our own results, which indicate that dietary supplementation of either essential element has beneficial effect under condition of cadmium exposure. We have also tackled the reasons why magnesium addition prevails over zinc and discussed the protective role of magnesium during cadmium exposure. These findings could help to solve the problem of prophylaxis and therapy of increased cadmium body burden.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFETIME RATES AND INCORPORATION OF PLUTONIUM-235 IN ATOMIC PRODUCTION WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Vitaliy I. Telnov ◽  
I. V. Lyogkikh ◽  
P. V. Okatenko
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Standard

Introduction. The objective of the study was the quantitative assessment of the effect of internal exposure to the lifetime in Mayak PA workers based on analyzing the dependence of certain lifetime rates on the incorporation of plutonium-239. Material and methods. There was investigated a cohort of deceased Mayak PA workers employed in 1948-1958 with known Pu-239 body burden comprising 2343 individuals, including 1739 males and 604 females. Using regression analysis we have assessed the dependence of general lifetime and lifetime after the start of work as well as of proportion of individuals who did not survive until standard age in general and after a start of work from incorporated Pu-239 separately for workers of different age. Statistical values were defined using STATISTICA software. Results. It was stated that for 1 kBq of incorporated Pu-239: a general lifetime in males decreased by 0.32 years and after a start of work - by 0.41 years; in females - by 0.22 and 0.28 years respectively. For 1 kBq of incorporated Pu-239 proportion of males who did not survive until 65 years of general lifetime and proportion of males who did not survive 40 years after a start of work increased by 1.33 and 1.87% respectively; in females for 70 and 45 years - by 0.90 and 1.14% respectively. Conclusion. Thus, the workers’ dependence of lifetime after a start of work on incorporated Pu-239 was higher than of a general lifetime. A proportion of workers who did not survive until the standard age after the start of work was higher than the proportion of workers who did not survive until a general standard age. Dependence of decrease of lifetime rates under the study from incorporated Pu-239 in males was more significant than in females.

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