Effects of atropine sulphate on repeated extinction performance in hippocampectomized rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Extinction Performance

Infrared Extinction Performance of Randomly Oriented Microbial-Clustered Agglomerate Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Li ◽  
Yihua Hu ◽  
Youlin Gu ◽  
Xinying Zhao ◽  
Shilong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Dipole Approximation ◽  
Extinction Performance ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Infrared Extinction ◽  
Ir Light ◽  
Dda Method

In this study, the spatial structure of randomly distributed clusters of fungi An0429 spores was simulated using a cluster aggregation (CCA) model, and the single scattering parameters of fungi An0429 spores were calculated using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. The transmittance of 10.6 µm infrared (IR) light in the aggregated fungi An0429 spores swarm is simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Several parameters that affect the transmittance of 10.6 µm IR light, such as the number and radius of original fungi An0429 spores, porosity of aggregated fungi An0429 spores, and density of aggregated fungi An0429 spores of the formation aerosol area were discussed. Finally, the transmittances of microbial materials with different qualities were measured in the dynamic test platform. The simulation results showed that the parameters analyzed were closely connected with the extinction performance of fungi An0429 spores. By controlling the value of the influencing factors, the transmittance could be lower than a certain threshold to meet the requirement of attenuation in application. In addition, the experimental results showed that the Monte Carlo method could well reflect the attenuation law of IR light in fungi An0429 spore agglomerates swarms.

Atropine Sulphate Induced Changes in Uterine, Adrenal, Liver and Thyroid Gland in Female Albino Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu M. Patil ◽  
Sharangouda J. Patil ◽  
Saraswati B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Induced Changes

Effect of preformed precursor on laser extinction performance of exfoliated graphite

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 0120005
Author(s):  
马德跃 Ma Deyue ◽  
李晓霞 Li Xiaoxia ◽  
郭宇翔 Guo Yuxiang ◽  
赵 亮 Zhao Liang ◽  
赵纪金 Zhao Jijin
Keyword(s):  
Exfoliated Graphite ◽  
Extinction Performance ◽  
Laser Extinction

scholarly journals The role of powder physicochemical properties on the extinction performance of an extinguishing powder for sodium fires

2019 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusumanindyah Nur ◽  
Brissonneau Laurent ◽  
Gilardi Thierry ◽  
Gatumel Cendrine ◽  
Berthiaux Henri
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Extinction Performance

CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING: I. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CERTAIN CHOLINOLYTICS IN COMBINATION WITH AN OXIME FOR TREATMENT OF SARIN POISONING

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Coleman ◽  
P. E. Little ◽  
R. A. B. Bannard
Keyword(s):  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Potent Drug

The protection to sarin poisoning afforded mice by treatment with N-methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime methanesulphonate (P-2-S) in combination with each of 34 cholinolytic compounds used as substitutes for atropine sulphate has been assessed. Twenty-two of the drugs examined in the mouse at a dosage of 50 μmoles/kg gave protection equal to or greater than that afforded by atropine sulphate. The most potent drug was 4′-N-methylpiperidyl 1-phenylcyclopen-tanecarboxylate hydrochloride (G-3063), which was 2.3-fold as effective as atropine sulphate.l-2′-Diethylaminoethyl α-cyclohexyl-α-2″-thienyl glycolate d-bitartrate (Win 5779-6),2′ -diethylaminoethyl 1-phenylcyclopentanecarboxylate hydrochloride (Parpanit), and l-tropyl α-methyltropate hydrochloride were 1.8-, 1.5-, and 1.4-fold as effective, respectively. Eighteen of the compounds were examined in the rat, with 11 showing potency equal to or greater than that shown by atropine sulphate. In this species the most potent drugs were G-3063, which had 4.0 times the activity of atropine sulphate, Win 5779–6 (4.8-fold), and atropine methanesulphonate, followed by 1-cyclohexyl-1-(2′-thienyl)-3-(1″-piperidyl)-propanol-1 hydrochloride (Win 12085) and Parpanit.

CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING: II. TREATMENT OF SARIN POISONING WITH AN OXIME AND VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF CHOLINOLYTIC COMPOUNDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Coleman ◽  
P. E. Little ◽  
R. A. B. Bannard
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Protective Activity

Thirty-four cholinolytic compounds were screened for protective activity in mice and rats exposed to sarin. All compounds were examined at a dosage of 50 μmoles/kg in the presence of 30 mg/kg of N-methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime methanesulphonate (P-2-S). In the first trials, the compounds were administered in combination with 50 μmoles/kg of atropine sulphate. With mice, 17 of the compounds demonstrated protection significantly greater than that afforded by P-2-S and atropine sulphate alone. Best protection was obtained with the addition of 2′-diethylaminoethyl 1-phenylcyclobutanecarboxylate hydrochloride (G-5130), the combined treatment increasing the LD50 of sarin 10-fold. Triflupromazine in combination with atropine sulphate raised the LD50 of sarin 8.5-fold while 4′-N-methylpiperidyl 1-phenylcyclopentanecarboxylate hydrochloride (G-3063) with atropine sulphate increased the LD50 of sarin by a factor of 6.6. When 16 of the combinations most active in the mouse were repeated using rats, highest protection was obtained with the l-isomer of 2′-diethylaminoethyl α-cyclohexane-α-(2″-thienyl)glycolate d-bitartrate (Win 5779-6), which increased the LD50 of sarin 23-fold. Diparcol plus atropine sulphate and Parpanit plus atropine sulphate increased the LD50 of sarin by factors of 19 and 14.7 respectively.In further studies on mice in which combinations of cholinolytic drugs were examined in the absence of atropine sulphate, the most effective combined treatment, which raised the LD50of sarin 24-fold, involved the use of G-3063 with Triflupromazine. G-3063 in combination with atropine methylbromide or Diparcol increased the LD50 of sarin 15- and 14-fold respectively.

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal activity of fractions of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal female Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoban S. Salimon ◽  
Musa T. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The University

Background: The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (AEMIL) has been substantiated for its antidiarrhoeal activity without information on the antidiarrhoeal-rich solvent fraction.Aim: This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of solvent–solvent fractions from M. indica leaves in female Wistar rats.Setting: This is laboratory animal-based phytopharmacological investigation conducted at the University of Ilorin.Methods: Aqueous extract of M. indica leaves was successfully fractionated to give ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous residual fraction (ARF). The fractions at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity. The antidiarrhoeal index (ADI) was also computed.Results: Ethyl acetate fraction, NBF and ARF significantly (p 0.05) extended the onset of diarrhoea, reduced fecal parameters (number, weight and water content of feaces and number of diarrhoeal feaces), masses and volumes of intestinal fluid, distance covered by charcoal meal, peristaltic index and its inhibition, with ARF exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The ADI at 25 and 100 mg/kg bw (equivalent doses of 14.09 and 56.3 mg/kg bw, respectively) of ARF which were 55.19 and 49.87, respectively were similar to 48.50 produced by loperamide/atropine sulphate. The ADI of 32.36 and 10.18 for 100 mg/kg bw each (equivalent of 26.41 and 17.24 mg/kg bw) of EAF and NBF respectively, were lower than that of loperamide/atropine sulphate (48.50).Conclusion: Of all the fractions, the 25 mg/kg bw of ARF produced the most profound antidiarrhoeal activity via anti-motility and anti-secretory mechanisms.

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