The ultrastructure of cell wall formation and of gamma particles during encystment of Allomyces macrogynus zoospores

The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or indirectly with cellulose, xylan and other polysaccharide molecules in the cell wall, increasing the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of plant cells and tissues and facilitating the long-distance transportation of water in plants. MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) belong to one of the largest superfamilies of transcription factors, the members of which regulate secondary cell-wall formation by promoting/inhibiting the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Among them, MYB46 and MYB83, which comprise the second layer of the main switch of secondary cell-wall biosynthesis, coordinate upstream and downstream secondary wall synthesis-related transcription factors. In addition, MYB transcription factors other than MYB46/83, as well as noncoding RNAs, hormones, and other factors, interact with one another to regulate the biosynthesis of the secondary wall. Here, we discuss the biosynthesis of secondary wall, classification and functions of MYB transcription factors and their regulation of lignin polymerization and secondary cell-wall formation during wood formation.

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Effects of different temperatures on cell wall formation and polysaccharide arrangement in Trichophyton mentagrophytes: considerations from a cytochemical study

Journal of Ultrastructure Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-5320(79)90106-0 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 157-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gian Luigi Vannini

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Cell Wall Formation ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Wall Formation ◽

Different Temperatures

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Cell-Wall Formation in Fucus Zygotes: A Model System to Study the Assembly and Localization of Wall Polymers

Cellulose and Other Natural Polymer Systems ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-1116-4_3 ◽

1982 ◽

pp. 45-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ralph S. Quatrano

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Model System ◽

Cell Wall Formation ◽

Wall Formation

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Role of cytoskeleton in plant cell wall formation

Scientia Sinica Vitae ◽

10.1360/ssv-2019-0168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 176-186

Author(s):

Yi MAN ◽

RuiLi LI ◽

YuFen BU ◽

Na SUN ◽

YanPing JING ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Formation ◽

Wall Formation

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Distinct and overlapping functions of Miscanthus sinensis MYB transcription factors SCM1 and MYB103 in lignin biosynthesis

10.1101/629709 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Philippe Golfier ◽

Faride Unda ◽

Emily K. Murphy ◽

Jianbo Xie ◽

Feng He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Secondary Cell Wall ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Cell Wall Formation ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽

Wall Formation

AbstractCell wall recalcitrance is a major constraint for the exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass as renewable resource for energy and bio-based products. Transcriptional regulators of the lignin biosynthetic pathway represent promising targets for tailoring lignin content and composition in plant secondary cell walls. A wealth of research in model organisms has revealed that transcriptional regulation of secondary cell wall formation is orchestrated by a hierarchical transcription factor (TF) network with NAC TFs as master regulators and MYB factors in the lower tier regulators. However, knowledge about the transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis in lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as Miscanthus, is limited. Here, we characterized two Miscanthus MYB TFs, MsSCM1 and MsMYB103, and compared their transcriptional impact with that of the master regulator MsSND1. In Miscanthus leaves MsSCM1 and MsMYB103 are expressed at growth stages associated with lignification. Ectopic expression of MsSCM1 and MsMYB103 in tobacco leaves was sufficient to trigger secondary cell wall deposition with distinct sugar and lignin composition. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the transcriptional responses to MsSCM1 and MsMYB103 overexpression showed extensive overlap with the response to MsSND1, but were distinct from each other, underscoring the inherent complexity of secondary cell wall formation. Together, MsSCM1 and MsMYB103 represent interesting targets for manipulations of lignin content and composition in Miscanthus towards tailored biomass.

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