Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989?1994: Low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding

Diabetologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Patterson ◽  
D. J. Carson ◽  
D. R. Hadden ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Childhood Iddm ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Household Crowding

scholarly journals Geospatial characterizing of Under-Five Mortality in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Adel Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun ◽  
Abdelrahman Omran ◽  
Shimaa Gad El-karim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
Low Incidence

This study aimed to identify geo-spatial pattern of under-five mortality (U5M) in Alexandria and its key determinants. We analyzed the geospatial distribution of 3064 deaths registered at 24 health offices reported from January 2018 to June 2019. The localities of Alexandria city were clustered into high and low incidence areas. Neonates represented 58.7% of U5M, while post-neonates and children were 31.1%, 10.2% respectively. Male deaths were significantly higher (P=0.036). The main leading causes of U5M were prematurity (28.32%), pneumonia (11.01%), cardiac arrest (10.57%), congenital malformation (9.95%), and childhood cardiovascular diseases (9.20%). Spatial distribution of U5M (including the most common three causes) tend to be clustered in western parts of Alexandria (El Hawaria, Bahig, Hamlis and Ketaa Maryiut). Another 9 clusters are at risk of being hotspots. Illiteracy, divorce, and poor locality characteristics (household size, population density, and access to water supply and sanitation), were statistically significant predictors of U5M.

scholarly journals The association between self-harm and area-level characteristics in Northern Ireland: an ecological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Griffin ◽  
Brendan Bonner ◽  
Christina B Dillon ◽  
Denise O’Hagan ◽  
Paul Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background Factors contributing to suicidal behaviour are complex and multi-faceted. This study took an ecological approach to examine the association between area-level factors and rates of self-harm in Northern Ireland. Methods Data on self-harm presentations to emergency departments (EDs) were obtained from the Northern Ireland Self-harm Registry. The study included residents of Northern Ireland aged 16–64 years. Deprivation was measured using the Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2017. Population density and social fragmentation were calculated using measures from the 2011 census. Associations between area-level factors and self-harm rates were explored using negative binomial regression. Results Between 2013 and 2015, 14 477 individuals aged 16–64 years presented to EDs in Northern Ireland following self-harm. The rate of self-harm was 472 per 100 000 and was higher for male residents (478 vs. 467). Self-harm rates were highest in urban areas—680 per 100 000 in Belfast City and 751 per 100 000 in Derry City. Rates of self-harm in Northern Ireland were more than four times higher in the most deprived areas. A positive association with rates of self-harm held for the deprivation domains of employment, crime, education, health and income. There was a moderate association with population density. Some gender differences emerged, with associations with male rates of self-harm more pronounced. Conclusion These findings indicate that self-harm rates are highest for those residing in highly deprived areas, where unemployment, crime and low level of education are challenges. Community interventions tailored to meet the needs of specific areas may be effective in reducing suicidal behaviour.

Spatial and temporal variation in the infracommunity structure of helminths of Apodemus sylvaticus(Rodentia: Muridae)

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. J. Montgomery ◽  
W. I. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Animal Material

SummaryMean species richness and diversity of the helminth infracommunity of Apodemus sylvaticus in woodland areas of Co. Down, Northern Ireland, varied in time and space. Variation in infracommunity structure among individual hosts, however, always accounted for more than 60% of the variation in the data from different places or different times. Helminth species richness increased with increasing population density, the percentage of the host population 16 weeks old or older, and the proportion of the host population with animal material in their stomachs, at two sites monitored over 33 months. The basis for spatial variation in infracommunity structure is less certain but host dynamics and differences in diet are likely to play some role. It is concluded that analysis at the infracommunity level focuses closely on the potential for species interactions and overlap in resource utilization. Infracommunity structure, at least in the case of A. sylvaticus, varies markedly in time and space and between individual hosts. Such variation should not be ignored in comparative studies.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in migrants moving from high-incidence to low-incidence countries: a population-based cohort study of 519 955 migrants screened before entry to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland

The Lancet ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 388 (10059) ◽  
pp. 2510-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Aldridge ◽  
Dominik Zenner ◽  
Peter J White ◽  
Elizabeth J Williamson ◽  
Morris C Muzyamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence

scholarly journals Low incidence of campylobacter enteritis in Northern Ireland

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Lafong ◽  
K. B. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
Belfast City Hospital ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Low Incidence

SUMMARYIn a prospective survey carried out over 9 months in 1984 in the Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 24 out of 1200 faecal specimens (2%) from patients with acute diarrhoea. This isolation rate is much lower than that from other parts of mainland Britain which report an isolation rate of between 8 and 15%. It is difficult to explain this large discrepancy but the limited availability of unpasteurized milk and the generally worse summer here (fewer barbecues, picnics) may be some reasons to explain this low incidence in N. Ireland.

Community Structure and Support Network Variations

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Clare Wenger ◽  
Fred St Leger†
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Network Type

ABSTRACTThis paper presents data from two studies of support networks conducted in North Wales and Northern Ireland. Five types of support networks are identified and it is shown that the distribution of network type is related to community. Distribution of network type is further shown to be influenced by population stability and population density. It is argued that since network type is correlated with service use, identification of network type provides a useful tool for policy makers and practitioners in the context of care in the community.

Long term trends in population dynamics and reproduction inHolothuria atra(Aspidochirotida) in the southern Great Barrier Reef; the importance of asexual and sexual reproduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin V. Thorne ◽  
Hampus Eriksson ◽  
Maria Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Population Maintenance

Population density and the presence of fission products ofHolothuria (Halodeima) atrawere investigated in surveys taken over 5 years (2006–2010) in the Capricorn Bunker Group, Southern Great Barrier Reef. These surveys were undertaken to document population density over time and assess the potential that asexual reproduction contributes to population maintenance. Over the 5 years a low incidence of fission was evident year-round, with an increase in July and August (13 and 27% of the population, respectively). There was a positive correlation between population density and the presence of fission products across all surveys. Although density fluctuated, there was no significant difference between months or sites. Despite the potential increase that might be expected from fission followed by regeneration, density fluctuated around a mean of 0.77 ind. m−2. Examination of gonads of the small (asexual and sexual reproduction) and large (sexual only) morphs ofH. atraindicated a difference in reproductive pattern. Many small morphs lacked gonads during winter and, when they developed gonads, the gonad index (GI) was low. The GI pattern of the small morph indicated that they spawned in summer. In comparison the large morph had conspicuous gonads through the year. The GI of the large morph was high in winter and summer indicating greater, more prolonged spawning activity in these individuals.

Urban Crowding and the Murder Rate in Bombay, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1241-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Low Rate

Despite extremely high levels of household crowding and population density, Bombay has a low rate of murder in comparison with less crowded US cities, disconfirming the 1970 hypothesis of Milgram. In Bombay, degree of crowding in 71 residential districts was unrelated to the murder rate.

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