Status, expectations, and situation: A formulation of the structure theory of status characteristics and expectation states

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Fararo
Keyword(s):  
Structure Theory ◽  
Expectation States ◽  
Status Characteristics

Sentiments as Status Processes? A Theoretical Reformulation from the Expectation States Tradition

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-235
Author(s):  
Alison J. Bianchi ◽  
Robert K. Shelly
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Task Groups ◽  
Expectation States ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Behavior

Do the ties that bind also create social inequality? Using an expectation states theoretical framework, we elaborate status characteristics and behavior-status theories to explore how sentiments, network connections based on liking and disliking, may affect processes entailing status, the prestige based on one’s differentially valued social distinctions. Within task groups, we theorize that positive and negative sentiments may themselves be status elements capable of evoking performance expectations within dyadic configurations typically modeled by expectation states theorists. Having a reputation for being liked or disliked “imported” into the group may enact status generalization. Alternatively, a status element based on sentiments may emerge during task group interaction as group members ascertain if alters are liked or disliked. Finally, we conclude by discussing how our theorizing motivates future theories and empirical studies.

scholarly journals The Neural Bases of Status-Based Influence

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311770969 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Melamed ◽  
Will Kalkhoff ◽  
Siqi Han ◽  
Xiangrui Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Status Characteristics Theory ◽  
Expectation States ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Status Differences

Status characteristics theory provides a theoretical explanation for why social status promotes social influence in collectively oriented task groups. It argues that status differences produce differences in expectation states, which are anticipations of task-related contributions. Those with an expectation advantage are more influential, contribute more often to group discussions, and so on. The authors conducted the first experimental test of status characteristics theory while participants were in a magnetic resonance imaging machine. This permitted the measurement of neural activity in brain regions found to be associated with processing social status. The results indicate that neural activity does not explain the effect of status on behavior.

Examining Medical Interview Asymmetry Using the Expectation States Approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gallagher ◽  
Stanford W. Gregory ◽  
Alison J. Bianchi ◽  
Paul J. Hartung ◽  
Sarah Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Standardized Patients ◽  
Medical Interview ◽  
Status Characteristics Theory ◽  
Power Differential ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Expectation States ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Difference

In this study we examine medical interview asymmetry using the expectation states approach. Physicians lead clinical interviews because of a feature inherent in those interviews, namely the status difference between doctor and patient. This power differential varies: it is greatest when the biomedical aspects of the interview are emphasized. These observations are consistent with status characteristics theory (SCT), which is based on the expectation states approach to understanding the emergence of power-prestige orders in groups facing shared tasks. From an SCT perspective, when the required scope conditions are met the status characteristics of doctor and patient trigger expectation states that result in inequalities relevant to the biomedical tasks of the interview. We examine interactions between medical students and standardized patients from the perspective of SCT. We observe the emergence of vocal spectrum inequalities when the interview task is biomedical. Other nonverbal behavioral outcomes emerge as well, which are consistent with the asymmetry literature.

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