Haemorrhagic necrosis of the grey matter of the spinal cord due to accidental injection of iopamidol in a patient with multiple neurofibromas; a clinico-pathological study

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. C. Roos ◽  
J. H. C. Voormolen ◽  
G. J. Vielvoye ◽  
A. R. Wintzen ◽  
G. T. A. Bots
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Haemorrhagic Necrosis

Spinal cord grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis detected by post-mortem high field MR imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Gilmore ◽  
JJG Geurts ◽  
N Evangelou ◽  
JCJ Bot ◽  
RA van Schijndel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
High Field ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
The Brain

Background Post-mortem studies demonstrate extensive grey matter demyelination in MS, both in the brain and in the spinal cord. However the clinical significance of these plaques is unclear, largely because they are grossly underestimated by MR imaging at conventional field strengths. Indeed post-mortem MR studies suggest the great majority of lesions in the cerebral cortex go undetected, even when performed at high field. Similar studies have not been performed using post-mortem spinal cord material. Aim To assess the sensitivity of high field post-mortem MRI for detecting grey matter lesions in the spinal cord in MS. Methods Autopsy material was obtained from 11 MS cases and 2 controls. Proton Density-weighted images of this formalin-fixed material were acquired at 4.7Tesla before the tissue was sectioned and stained for Myelin Basic Protein. Both the tissue sections and the MR images were scored for grey matter and white matter plaques, with the readers of the MR images being blinded to the histopathology results. Results Our results indicate that post-mortem imaging at 4.7Tesla is highly sensitive for cord lesions, detecting 87% of white matter lesions and 73% of grey matter lesions. The MR changes were highly specific for demyelination, with all lesions scored on MRI corresponding to areas of demyelination. Conclusion Our work suggests that spinal cord grey matter lesions may be detected on MRI more readily than GM lesions in the brain, making the cord a promising site to study the functional consequences of grey matter demyelination in MS.

scholarly journals Comparative Electron Microscopy of Synapses in the Vertebrate Spinal Cord

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
B. T. CHARLTON ◽  
E. G. GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Presynaptic Inhibition ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Comparative Electron

Synapses with a cleft with ‘thickened’ membranes and presynaptic vesicles and mitochondria occur commonly throughout the grey matter of the spinal cord of goldfish, frog and various mammals studied. Such synapses are generally thought to have a chemical mode of transmission. The absence or rare occurrence of presynaptic neurofilaments in fish and frog accounts for the failure to detect boutons by silver methods, and there is no need to postulate morphologically unspecialized synaptic contacts in the lower vertebrates as some light microscopists did. Both fish and frog show axo-somatic or axo-dendritic tight junctions, which could be sites of electrical synaptic transmission. No neuronal tight junctions have yet been seen in the mammalian spinal cord. Axo-axo-dendritic synapses have been seen in the frog and mammalian cord, but not so far in the fish. Such serial synapses may be responsible for presynaptic inhibition. Neuroglia of fish, frog and mammals have tight junctions at their apposed surfaces. These differ structurally from neuronal tight junctions. Neuroglia in fish cord have, in addition, desmosomes at their apposed surfaces.

scholarly journals Neuropathology of two Brazilian autopsied cases of tropical spastic paraparesis / HTLV-I associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) of long evolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (3A) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maurício de Castro-Costa ◽  
René Dom ◽  
Herwig Carton ◽  
Patrick Goubau ◽  
Terezinha de Jesus Teixeira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Spinal Cord Atrophy ◽  
Thoracic Cord

We report on a neuropathological analysis of two cases of TSP/HAM originating from Brazil. These two cases had, respectively, an evolution of 13 and 40 years. The main neuropathological findings consisted of spinal cord atrophy, mainly the lower thoracic cord, diffuse degeneration of the white and grey matter, rare foci of mononuclear and perivascular cuffs, and hyaline hardening of arteriolae. The supraspinal structures were normal, excepting for a slight gliosis in the cerebellum. An analysis on the long evolutive cases as described in the literature is outlined in this study.

scholarly journals P.059 Brachial plexus enhancement in acute flaccid myelitis: A novel radiographic finding

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (s1) ◽  
pp. S30
Author(s):  
SC Hammond ◽  
M Almomen ◽  
A Mineyko ◽  
A Pauranik
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Background: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a condition which causes acute paralysis in pediatric patients. Although awareness of AFM is increasing, the pathophysiology and full spectrum of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic features remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: We report a 5 year-old, previously healthy, male patient who presented with acute right upper extremity weakness following a two day history of fever, cough, and fatigue. The patient underwent extensive inflammatory and infectious workup in addition to MRI imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and bilateral brachial plexuses. Results: Infectious and inflammatory workup did not identify a causative agent. The patient was seen to have bilateral asymmetric (R>L) thickening and enhancement of the anterior horn cells of his cervical (C3-C7) spine, consistent with the spinal grey matter lesions previously described in patients with AFM. Enhancement of the corresponding anterior nerve rootlets and bilateral brachial plexuses was also seen. Conclusions: Patients with acute flaccid myelitis may demonstrate grey matter enhancement extending beyond the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves and plexuses, a radiographic finding which has not previously been published.

Mechanical properties of spinal cord grey matter and white matter in confined compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 104044
Author(s):  
Justin Yu ◽  
Neda Manouchehri ◽  
Shun Yamamoto ◽  
Brian K. Kwon ◽  
Thomas R. Oxland
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Confined Compression

The Development of Pneumostrongylus tenuis in the Central Nervous System of White-tailed Deer

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The central nervous systems of five fawns (Odocoileus virginianus borealis), infected experimentally with Pneumostrongylus tenuis, were studied histologically 10, 20, 25, 30, and 40 days after infection. In the 10–30 day fawns young developing worms were found in dorsal horns of the grey matter of all regions of the spinal cord. A few worms were found in white matter and in the medulla oblongata. In the fawn autopsied 40 days after infection all but one of about 25 worms found were in the subdural space. Worms in the grey matter usually lay in cell-free tunnels surrounded by compressed neural tissue. There was little reaction of, or cellular infiltration in, surrounding tissue. Malacia was absent in all parts of grey matter. The central canal was normal and the brain, other than the medulla oblongata, was not involved. In the white matter, scattered single myelin sheath degeneration as well as degeneration and disappearance of axis cylinders were common. Occasionally there were tiny malacic areas in white matter, especially near worms. Infiltrations of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were commonly observed in and on the dura mater, the epineurium, ganglion capsules, and other tissues of the epidural space. The relative dearth of histopathologic findings helps to explain the rarity and slightness of neurologic signs in infected fawns and is indicative perhaps of a long and well established host-parasite relationship. This is in contrast to the situation in moose (Alces a. americana) where severe traumatic damage to the spinal cord by P. tenuis is associated with ataxia and paralysis.

Morphometry of cervical segments grey matter in the male rat spinal cord

2004 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Leo Portiansky ◽  
Claudio Gustavo Barbeito ◽  
Rodolfo Gustavo Goya ◽  
Eduardo Juan Gimeno ◽  
Gustavo Oscar Zuccolilli
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord
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