Polymorphism of mannose phosphate isomerase in North Sea and Baltic Sea populations of the amphipods Gammarus zaddachi and G. salinus

1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -P. Bulnheim ◽  
A. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Gammarus Zaddachi

scholarly journals Bacterial communities potentially involved in iron-cycling in Baltic Sea and North Sea sediments revealed by pyrosequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. fiw054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Reyes ◽  
Olaf Dellwig ◽  
Kirstin Dähnke ◽  
Matthias Gehre ◽  
Beatriz E. Noriega-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Iron Cycling

scholarly journals Model calculations of the effects of present and future emissions of air pollutants from shipping in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 21943-21974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Jonson ◽  
J. P. Jalkanen ◽  
L. Johansson ◽  
M. Gauss ◽  
H. A. C. Denier van der Gon
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
The North ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Land-based emissions of air pollutants in Europe have steadily decreased over the past two decades, and this decrease is expected to continue. Within the same time span emissions from shipping have increased, although recently sulphur emissions, and subsequently particle emissions, have decreased in EU ports and in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, defined as SECAs (Sulphur Emission Control Areas). The maximum allowed sulphur content in marine fuels in EU ports is now 0.1%, as required by the European Union sulphur directive. In the SECAs the maximum fuel content of sulphur is currently 1% (the global average is about 2.4%). This will be reduced to 0.1% from 2015, following the new IMO rules (International Maritime Organisation). In order to assess the effects of ship emissions in and around the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, regional model calculations with the EMEP air pollution model have been made on a 1/4° longitude × 1/8° latitude resolution, using ship emissions in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea that are based on accurate ship positioning data. The effects on depositions and air pollution and the resulting number of years of life lost (YOLL) have been calculated by comparing model calculations with and without ship emissions in the two sea areas. The calculations have been made with emissions representative of 2009 and 2011, i.e. before and after the implementation of stricter controls on sulphur emissions from mid 2010. The calculations with present emissions show that per person, an additional 0.1–0.2 years of life lost is estimated in areas close to the major ship tracks with present emission levels. Comparisons of model calculations with emissions before and after the implementation of stricter emission control on sulphur show a general decrease in calculated particle concentration. At the same time, however, an increase in ship activity has resulted in higher emissions and subsequently air concentrations, in particular of NOx, especially in and around several major ports. Additional model calculations have been made with land based and ship emissions representative of year 2030. Following a decrease in emissions, air quality is expected to improve, and depositions to be reduced. Particles from shipping are expected to decrease as a result of emission controls in the SECAs. Further controls of NOx emissions from shipping are not decided, and calculations are presented with and without such controls.

Ventilation of bottom water in the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Bendtsen ◽  
Karin E. Gustafsson ◽  
Johan Söderkvist ◽  
Jørgen L.S. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Phenology of Migratory Bat Activity Across the Baltic Sea and the South-Eastern North Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Rydell ◽  
Lothar Bach ◽  
Petra Bach ◽  
Laura Guia Diaz ◽  
Joanna Furmankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Geographic variation in fitness‐related traits of the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus along the Baltic Sea‐North Sea salinity gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 9225-9238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco R. Barboza ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
Florian Weinberger ◽  
Veijo Jormalainen ◽  
Patrik Kraufvelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Towards End-2-End modelling in a consistent NPZD-F modelling framework (ECOSMOE2E_vs1.0): Application to the North Sea and Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Daewel ◽  
Corinna Schrum ◽  
Jed Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Current System ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Trophic Chain

Abstract. Coupled physical-biological models usually resolve only parts of the trophic food chain and hence, run the risk of neglecting relevant ecosystem processes. Additionally, this imposes a closure term problem at the respective “ends” of the considered trophic levels. Here we propose a consistent NPZD-Fish modelling approach (ECOSMO E2E) to address the above-mentioned problem in lower trophic ecosystem modelling, and to understand how the implementation of higher trophic levels in a NPZD model affects the simulated response of the combined North Sea and Baltic Sea ecosystem. On the basis of the coupled ecosystem model ECOSMO II we implemented one functional group that represents fish and one group representing macrobenthos in the 3d model formulation. Both groups are linked to the lower trophic levels and to each other via predator-prey relationships. The model allows investigating bottom-up impacts on primary and secondary production and cumulative fish biomass dynamics, but also top-down mechanisms on the lower trophic level production. Model results for a ten-year long simulation period (1980–1989) were analysed and discussed with respect to the observed pattern. To address the relevance of the newly implemented trophic levels for the simulated model response, we compare the performance of the ECOSMO E2E to a respective truncated NPZD model (ECOSMO II), which simulated the same time period. Additionally, we performed scenario tests to analyse the new role of the zooplankton mortality closure term in the truncated NPZD and the fish mortality term in the end-to-end model, which summarizes pressure imposed on the system by fisheries and mortality imposed by apex predators. We found that the model-simulated macrobenthos and fish spatial and seasonal pattern agree well with current system understanding. Considering a dynamic fish component in the ecosystem model resulted in slightly improved model performance with respect to representation of spatial and temporal variations in nutrients, changes in modelled plankton seasonality and nutrient profiles. Model sensitivity scenarios showed that changes in the zooplankton mortality parameter are transferred up and down the trophic chain with little attenuation of the signal, while major changes in fish mortality and in fish biomass cascade down the food chain.

Primary Marine Aerosol Produced during Bubble Bursting Experiments Using Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Atlantic Waters

2007 ◽  
pp. 1093-1097
Author(s):  
Kim Hultin ◽  
E. Douglas Nilsson ◽  
Radovan Krejci ◽  
Gerrit de Leeuw ◽  
Monica Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Bubble Bursting
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