Surface area in ecological analysis: Quantification of benthic coral-reef algae

1973 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Dahl
Author(s):  
Peggy Fong ◽  
Valerie J. Paul
Keyword(s):  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e66992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Jessen ◽  
Cornelia Roder ◽  
Javier Felipe Villa Lizcano ◽  
Christian R. Voolstra ◽  
Christian Wild

Coral Reefs ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Not Available Not Available

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Bibiana Dho Tawa ◽  
Alfius R. Kale ◽  
Siti Hadijah Salim ◽  
Odi Th. E. Selan

The aims of this research are to determine the adsorbent properties, the effect of flow rate and ratio of adsorbent in lowering COD, turbidity, pH levels, and to determine the effect of flow rate interaction and adsorbent ratio in decreasing COD, turbidity and pH levels. This research was conducted with Completed Random Design (CRD) 23 consisting of 2 independent variables namely flow rate (0.2; 0.5; and 0,7 mL/s) and ratio of adsorbent (w/w) of clay : coral (1:1; 1:2; and 2:1) with 3 times replications. The result of the test of the adsorbent properties showed that the clay has hihger acidity and surface area then coral reef, and the coral content of coral reefs is 38.65 %. The flow rate and the ratio of adsorbent based on results of the study also reinforced by the ANOVA test give effect on the levels of COD and turbidity while the interaction of this two variables have an effect on the COD content. The best treatment based on Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was at 0.7 mL/s flow rate with a 1:1 adsorbent ratio. The multiple regression model for this study is Y =160.3 – 171.17X1 -188.83X2 + 31.67X1X2 + 146.67X12 + 66.67X22.


1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Hixon ◽  
William N. Brostoff

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna R. Koch ◽  
Bailey Wallace ◽  
Allyson DeMerlis ◽  
Abigail S. Clark ◽  
Robert J. Nowicki

Rapid and widespread declines in coral health and abundance have driven increased investments in coral reef restoration interventions to jumpstart population recovery. Microfragmentation, an asexual propagation technique, is used to produce large numbers of corals for research and restoration. As part of resilience-based restoration, coral microfragments of different genotypes and species are exposed to various stressors to identify candidates for propagation. Growth rate is one of several important fitness-related traits commonly used in candidate selection, and being able to rapidly and accurately quantify growth rates of different genotypes is ideal for high-throughput stress tests. Additionally, it is crucial, as coral restoration becomes more commonplace, to establish practical guidelines and standardized methods of data collection that can be used across independent groups. Herein, we developed a streamlined workflow for growth rate quantification of live microfragmented corals using a structured-light 3D scanner to assess surface area (SA) measurements of live tissue over time. We then compared novel 3D and traditional 2D approaches to quantifying microfragment growth rates and assessed factors such as accuracy and speed. Compared to a more conventional 2D approach based on photography and ImageJ analysis, the 3D approach had comparable reliability, greater accuracy regarding absolute SA quantification, high repeatability, and low variability between scans. However, the 2D approach accurately measured growth and proved to be faster and cheaper, factors not trivial when attempting to upscale for restoration efforts. Nevertheless, the 3D approach has greater capacity for standardization across dissimilar studies, making it a better tool for restoration practitioners striving for consistent and comparable data across users, as well as for those conducting networked experiments, meta-analyses, and syntheses. Furthermore, 3D scanning has the capacity to provide more accurate surface area (SA) measurements for rugose, mounding, or complex colony shapes. This is the first protocol developed for using structured-light 3D scanning as a tool to measure growth rates of live microfragments. While each method has its advantages and disadvantages, disadvantages to a 3D approach based on speed and cost may diminish with time as interest and usage increase. As a resource for coral restoration practitioners and researchers, we provide a detailed 3D scanning protocol herein and discuss its potential limitations, applications, and future directions.


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