Factors influencing predation of Hyperoche medusarum (Hyperiida: Amphipoda) on larvae of the Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. von Westernhagen ◽  
H. Rosenthal ◽  
S. Kerr ◽  
G. Fürstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
The Pacific

The behavior of Pacific herring schools in response to artificial humpback whale bubbles

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sharpe ◽  
L. M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Insight Into

There have been numerous reports of humpback whales and other marine predators deploying bubbles during foraging activities. However, the effects of bubbles on schooling prey organisms remain poorly understood. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to gain insight into the effect of bubbles on the Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, a principal prey species of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae. The fish exhibited strong avoidance of bubbles and could be contained within a circular bubble net. The herring schools were also reluctant to swim through a curtain of bubbles even when frightened. However, herring were much more willing to cross a bubble curtain or net if there was a larger aggregation of fish on the opposite side. Individuals and small groups of herring also waited for less time before crossing than did larger groups. These experiments suggest that herring have a strong fear of bubbles and can readily be manipulated or contained within bubble nets by predators.

Fixation Shrinkage of Herring Larvae: Effects of Salinity, Formalin Concentration, and Other Factors

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi

The most important factors affecting the degree of larval shrinkage of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) larvae during fixation are the salinity and formalin concentrations and initial larval size. In low formalin concentrations (2–5% formalin) shrinkage increased from less than 2% shrinkage at low salinities to about 10% shrinkage in seawater formalin. In high formalin concentrations (20–30% formalin) shrinkage was fairly uniform, ranging from about 3% shrinkage in low salinities to about 5% in seawater. Shrinkage in fixatives stored at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C was slightly higher (1–2%) at the higher temperatures. Buffering agents and starvation had no effect on shrinkage. Small, young larvae shrank relatively more than larger older larvae.Key words: herring larvae, fixation, shrinkage, formalin, salinity

The Development of the Vertebral Column of the Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii)

1940 ◽  
Vol 5a (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes M. Gwyn
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Vertebral Number ◽  
Clupea Pallasii ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Pacific

Embryological development is followed over a period of ten weeks after hatching. The mode of formation of the components of the vertebral column is compared with that in Clupea harengus, and is described in detail where differences are observed or additional information is available. Development appears essentially similar in the two species, although in general more rapid relative to length in C. pallasii. At hatching, myotome formation is complete and the ultimate vertebral number of an individual is presumably determined by that time. During ossification of the vertebral column, complex growth gradients from one or more centres are observed.

Chill Stowage and Development of Rancidity in Frozen Pacific Herring, Clupea harengus pallasi

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
R. E. E. Jonas ◽  
Y. C. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Low Levels

Freshly caught Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, were stowed in ice or refrigerated seawater (RSW) at −0.8 °C for 0, 2, and 4 d and were then filleted and stored frozen (−28 °C) for up to 11 mo. The development of rancidity was determined using the peroxide value and the thiobarbituric acid number. During the chill stowage before freezing, the lipids from the flesh were not subjected to any significant oxidation. In Cryovac-vacuum-packed fillets the rancidity remained at low levels during the duration of frozen storage. If oxygen was present during frozen storage, chill stowage accelerated the development of rancidity and this effect was more pronounced in the case of RSW than ice, especially after 4 d of stowage. Key words: Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, rancidity, icing, refrigerated seawater, frozen storage

Alternative Harvest Strategies for Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hall ◽  
R. Hilborn ◽  
M. Stocker ◽  
C. J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Current Management Strategy ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Spawning Biomass ◽  
Constant Escapement

A simulated Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) population is used to evaluate alternative management strategies of constant escapement versus constant harvest rate for a roe herring fishery. The biological parameters of the model are derived from data on the Strait of Georgia herring stock. The management strategies are evaluated using three criteria: average catch, catch variance, and risk. The constant escapement strategy provides highest average catches, but at the expense of increased catch variance. The harvest rate strategy is favored for its reduced variance in catch and only a slight decrease in mean catch relative to the fixed escapement strategy. The analysis is extended to include the effects of persistent recruitment patterns. Stock–recruitment analysis suggests that recruitment deviations are autocorrelated. Correlated deviations may cause bias in regression estimates of stock–recruitment parameters (overestimation of stock productivity) and increase in variation of spawning stock biomass. The latter effect favors the constant escapement strategy, which fully uses persistent positive recruitment fluctuations. Mean catch is depressed for the harvest rate strategy, since the spawning biomass is less often located in the productive region of the stock–recruitment relationship. The model is used to evaluate the current management strategy for Strait of Georgia herring. The strategy of maintaining a minimum spawning biomass reserve combines the safety of the constant escapement strategy and the catch variance reducing features of the harvest rate strategy.

Environmental Variation and Recruitment of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) in the Strait of Georgia

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. s174-s180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Stocker ◽  
Vivian Haist ◽  
David Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Age Structured Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spawning Success

We used an age-structured model to estimate recruitment for the Strait of Georgia Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) population. The model used for herring is a version of the model described in Fournier and Archibald (1982. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 1195–1207), modified to include spawn survey information. Three structural assumptions are made to include the spawn data: (1) the form of the relationship between the actual spawn and the observed spawn, (2) the form of the relationship between escapement and actual spawn, and (3) the existence of a Ricker spawn–recruitment relationship, with a multiplicative environmental component. In order to determine which environmental factors had a significant effect on recruitment, we attempted to explain the residual variation from the Ricker curve with the environmental variables using exploratory correlations. Temperature, river discharge, sea level, and sunlight were examined. A multiplicative, environmental-dependent Ricker spawn–recruitment model was used to identify significant environmental variables. The model suggests a significant dome-shaped relationship between temperature and spawning success with an optimal temperature during larval stages resulting in maximum production of recruits. Also, increased spawning success is associated with increased summer river discharge. The significant environmental variables were included in the age-structured model in a stock–environment–recruitment relationship, and all model parameters were reestimated. The overall model fit improved only marginally with the inclusion of environmental variables, as indicated by the objective function value. However, the S–R component of the objective function dropped by 23% when environmental variables were included.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document