Control of hemicellulose and pectin synthesis during differentiation of vascular tissue in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) callus and in bean hypocotyl

Planta ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Bolwell ◽  
D. H. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Bean Hypocotyl

scholarly journals Severe outbreak of Fusarium wilt on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in the Maule Region, central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A Díaz ◽  
Ricardo Cabeza ◽  
Ramon Amigo ◽  
Elizabeth Llancamil ◽  
Osvaldo Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Bean Plants

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume cultivated worldwide as food for humans and livestock (Schwartz et al., 2005). Common beans in central Chile reach up to 3,893 ha from which 1,069 ha are located in the Maule region. Common bean is produced by small farmers who have limited access to fertilization, technical irrigation, and crop protection. In spring 2018, bean plants initially showed a slight yellowing and premature senescence 50 days after sowing (das) until showing wilting symptoms (70 -100 das) in Curepto fields (35 05'S; 72 01'W), Maule region. The basal part of affected plants displayed internal reddish-brown discoloration of the vascular tissues. Based on the plant external symptoms, we estimated an incidence between 15% and 45% in bean fields. Nine symptomatic plants were collected, and surface washed with sterile water and disinfested with 75% ethanol (v/v). Then small fragments (5-mm) from damage vascular tissue from each plant were cut and placed on Petri dishes containing PDA acidified with 0.5 ml/l of 92% lactic acid (APDA, 2%). The isolations were incubated for seven days at 25°C. Nine Fusarium-like isolates from single-spore on APDA (2%) became pale vinaceous, floccose with abundant aerial mycelium and dark vinaceous reverse colony, with a growing rate of 10.8 to 11.6 mm/d at 25°C (Lombard et al., 2019). Phialides were short, singular growing laterally on the mycelium. Macroconidia were hyaline, fusiform with basal foot cells shaped to pointed and apical cells tapered, 2-5 septate, and 28.6 to 47.6 (av. 38.1) μm long x 2.2 to 3.6 (av. 3.1) μm wide. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to ellipsoid, one-celled, and 4.5 to 10.9 (av. 6.1) μm long and 2.2 to 3.3 (av. 2.7) μm wide (n=50 spore). For molecular identification, three isolates (Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were sequenced using PCR amplification of the partial sequences of beta-tubulin (BT) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) (Lombard et al., 2019). NCBI BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% similarity with sequences (TEF; BT) of strain CPC 25822 of Fusarium oxysporum. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis placed the Chilean isolates in the F. oxysporum complex clade. Chilean sequences were deposited into GenBank under accession numbers MW419125, MW419126, MW419127 (TEF) and MW419128, MW419129, MW419130 (BT). Pathogenicity tests (isolates Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were conducted under greenhouse (15-28°C, 85%RH) on healthy bean plants (n=30) cv. Blanco Español INIA cultivated in pots (sand/peat moss/soil) at the University of Talca. Plants that are 30 days-old were inoculated using 200 μl of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) on wounded roots (crown). Control plants (n=10) were similarly inoculated with sterile distilled water. After 45 days, all inoculated plants with F. oxysporum isolates developed necrotic lesions on vascular tissue, and chlorosis, and wilting while control plants remained healthy. This experiment was conducted twice. The pathogen was reisolated (100%) from diseased plants and molecularly identified as F. oxysporum. To our knowledge, this is the report of a severe outbreak of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows in P. vulgaris in the Maule region, Chile. Previously, F. oxysporum has been reported affecting tomato (Sepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014) and blueberry in Chile (Moya-Elizondo et al., 2019).

Effect of Dinitroanaline Herbicides in a Soil Medium on Snap Bean and Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Esther Struckmeyer ◽  
L. K. Binning ◽  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Cellular Abnormalities

Anatomical studies determined the effect of 0.8, 1.7, and 3.4 kg/ha of penoxalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine]; AC-92390 (N-sec-butyl-3-4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine); oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide); and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) on the cell structure of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Tenderette’) and soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy’]. Cellular abnormalities in the swollen and brittle area of the stem of treated plants included thinnerwalled cells, elongated xylem elements, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of cells, and anomalous rings of vascular tissue in the cortical region. Injury caused by the four herbicides was similar in snap bean and soybean.

Response of Phaseolus vulgaris protoplasts to chemical components of fungal origin

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Griffiths ◽  
Anne J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Extracellular Products ◽  
Bean Hypocotyl ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Hypocotyl Tissue ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the causal agent of anthracnose in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (French bean). The α and β races of the fungus were used in this study with French bean cultivar ‘Great Northern’. Whole plants inoculated with the α race developed brown lesions on the hypocotyls (susceptible response). The β race caused small limited lesions, indicating a more resistant interaction. Extracellular products and cell wall materials were isolated from β race cultures and extracellular products from α race cultures. The extracts were size fractionated. By using a cotyledon bioassay, elicitor activity was demonstrated on ‘Dark Red Kidney’ within fractions from the α race. Fractions from the β race had little activity on ‘Dark Red Kidney’ or ‘Great Northern’ cotyledons. Protoplasts were isolated from ‘Great Northern’ bean hypocotyl tissue and incubated with the fungal fractions. Even at low concentrations (0.01 μg glucose equivalent∙mL−1), the β race culture filtrate rapidly killed a greater percentage of protoplasts (30%) than the α race (15%). The β race wall extract had little effect upon protoplast viability. The proportion of nonviable protoplasts depended on the incubation period and the concentration of the fungal material. Heat treatment of the culture filtrates and wall extract did not decrease their lethal effects. The results suggest that protoplasts may be valuable in examining the nature of certain plant–pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Bean dwarf mosaic virus BV1 Protein Is a Determinant of the Hypersensitive Response and Avirulence in Phaseolus vulgaris

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1184-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Garrido-Ramirez ◽  
M. R. Sudarshana ◽  
W. J. Lucas ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Green Florescent Protein ◽  
Bean Hypocotyl ◽  
Bean Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Determinants

The capacities of the begomoviruses Bean dwarf mosaic virus (BDMV) and Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) to differentially infect certain common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars were used to identify viral determinants of the hypersensitive response (HR) and avirulence (avr) in BDMV. A series of hybrid DNA-B components, containing BDMV and BGYMV sequences, was constructed and coinoculated with BDMV DNA-A (BDMV-A) or BDMVA-green florescent protein into seedlings of cv. Topcrop (susceptible to BDMV and BGYMV) and the BDMV-resistant cvs. Othello and Black Turtle Soup T-39 (BTS). The BDMV avr determinant, in bean hypocotyl tissue, was mapped to the BDMV BV1 open reading frame and, most likely, to the BV1 protein. The BV1 also was identified as the determinant of the HR in Othello. However, the HR was not required for resistance in Othello nor was it associated with BDMV resistance in BTS. BDMV BV1, a nuclear shuttle protein that mediates viral DNA export from the nucleus, represents a new class of viral avr determinant. These results are discussed in terms of the relationship between the HR and resistance.

scholarly journals Arabinan synthase and xylan synthase activities of Phaseolus vulgaris. Subcellular localization and possible mechanism of action

1983 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Bolwell ◽  
D H Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Bean Hypocotyl

Membrane fractions from bean hypocotyl or suspension cultures incorporated arabinose from UDP-beta-L-arabinose into arabinan and xylose from UDP-alpha-D-xylose in vitro; the level of each activity was dependent on the state of differentiation of the cells. These activities may be due to single transglycosylases, since no lipid or proteinaceous intermediate acceptors were found in either case. Subcellular fractionation studies showed that enzyme activity in vitro was localized in both Golgi-derived membranes and endoplasmic reticulum in similar amounts. However, incorporation into the polymers in vivo in suspension culture cells incubated with [1-3H]arabinose was considerably greater in the Golgi-derived membranes. Thus, although these enzymes may be translated and inserted at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum, their activities are under other levels of control, so that most of the activity in vivo is confined to the Golgi apparatus. Initiation of glycosylation in the endoplasmic activity may, however, occur.

Elemental Analysis of Phloem Tissue in Lemna Minor Root Tips

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
Thomas Hayes ◽  
Clifford Lai ◽  
Greg Hook
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Companion Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Xylem Element

Studies (1—4) have shown that it is possible to distinguish different stages of phloem tissue differentiation in the developing roots of Lemna minor by examination in the transmission, scanning, and optical microscopes. A disorganized meristem, immediately behind the root-cap, gives rise to the vascular tissue, which consists of single central xylem element surrounded by a ring of phloem parenchyma cells. This ring of cells is first seen at the 4-5 cell stage, but increases to as many as 11 cells by repeated radial anticlinal divisions. At some point, usually at or shortly after the 8 cell stage, two phloem parenchyma cells located opposite each other on the ring of cells, undergo an unsynchronized, periclinal division to give rise to the sieve element and companion cell. Because of the limited number of cells involved, this developmental sequence offers a relatively simple system in which some of the factors underlying cell division and differentiation may be investigated, including the distribution of diffusible low atomic weight elements within individual cells of the phloem tissue.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Identification of some major cytokinins in Phaseolus vulgaris and their distribution

1996 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Hammerton ◽  
Bjorn Nicander ◽  
Elisabeth Tillberg
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris

Chromium-induced inhibition of ethylene evolution in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves

1993 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
Charlotte Poschenrieder ◽  
Benito Gunse ◽  
Juan Barcelo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ethylene Evolution
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