Extrachromosomal inheritance of nalidixic acid resistance in the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

1982 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Massardo ◽  
L. Del Giudice ◽  
F. Manna ◽  
K. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Extrachromosomal Inheritance ◽  
Petite Negative Yeast ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

scholarly journals Susceptibility to patterns of ciprofloxacin among nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates collected in Banepa, Nepal from enteric fever patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Roka ◽  
Subash Pandaya ◽  
Md. Reyad-ul Ferdous ◽  
Manson Pandey ◽  
Naba Raj Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The present study determined the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of nalidixic acid resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS) isolated from enteric fever patients at Scheer Memorial Hospital, Banepa, Nepal, from June 2012 to December 2012. The antimicrobial sensitivity to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was determined using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. <em>Salmonella</em> was isolated from 34 out of 992 (3.43%) blood cultures collected during the study period, and 10 (29.4%) isolates were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhi, while 24 (70.6%) were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Paratyphi. Out of the total isolates, 31 (91.2%) were nalidixic acid-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS). Among NARS, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.25 to 2 mg/L and were constantly higher than those shown by the nalidixic acid-susceptible <em>Salmonella</em>. Therefore, in typhoid <em>Salmonella</em> nalidixic acid resistance may be the indicator of decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Temperature on Natural Transformation to Erythromycin and Nalidixic Acid Resistance in Campylobacter coli

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6121-6125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Sung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
S. Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are naturally competent, but limited information exists on the impact of environmental conditions on transformation. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperature and microaerobic versus aerobic atmosphere on transformation of C. coli to erythromycin and nalidixic acid resistance. Frequency of transformation was not significantly different between microaerobic (5 to 10% CO2) and aerobic conditions. However, C. coli was transformed to erythromycin resistance at a significantly higher frequency at 42�C than at 25�C (P < 0.05), and few or no transformants were obtained at 25�C. In contrast, transformation to nalidixic acid resistance was highly efficient at both 42�C and 25�C and was similar or, at the most, fourfold higher at 42�C than at 25�C. DNase I treatment experiments suggested that steps both prior and subsequent to internalization of DNA were influenced by temperature in the case of transformation of C. coli to erythromycin resistance. However, the moderately increased (fourfold) frequency of transformation to nalidixic acid resistance at 42�C compared to that at 25�C was exclusively associated with steps prior to DNA internalization. These findings suggest that transformation to erythromycin resistance may be significantly more frequent in the gastrointestinal tract of hosts such as poultry (at 42�C) than in other habitats characterized by lower temperatures, whereas transformation to nalidixic acid resistance may be highly efficient both within and outside the animal hosts.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Salmonella Spp Isolates in Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Gajurel ◽  
Rabi Prakash Sharma ◽  
Krishna Dhungana ◽  
Samir Neupane ◽  
Kamal Lamsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

INTRODUCTION: Drug resistant Salmonella spp. is endemic in several Asian countries. Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A show reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and have resulted in a rise in treatment failures. Over the past few decades, nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella spp have emerged in Nepal as well.MATERIAL & METHODS: This is a retrospective study that aims to provide a more recent antibiogram of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates in Kathmandu. Between Poush, 2071 and Ashwin, 2072 (December 16, 2014 to October 17, 2015), 186 culture positive cases of enteric fever were diagnosed at the Civil Service Hospital. Upon isolation of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi A, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and tetracyciline.RESULTS: This study shows a much higher frequency of nalidixic acid-resistance in Kathmandu than previously reported; 95.7% in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and 86.5% in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.The rates of ciprofloxacinand ofloxacin-resistance were over 50% in both serovar.CONCLUSION: In Nepal, it is necessary to reevaluate the use of fluoroquinolone therapy and introduce feasible alternatives so as to curb treatment failures.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5, No, 2, Page: 22-25

scholarly journals Adaptation of Esherichia coli to Antiobiotic Cycling via Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hager ◽  
Ellen Jensen ◽  
Timothy Johnson ◽  
David Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

Bacteria are quick to adapt and evolve, especially under the effects of selective pressures from chemical antibiotics. In addition, bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics from multiple classes simultaneously, making their eradication from the human body particularly challenging. This study aims to demonstrate that bacterial multiple-drug resistance can be developed and retained in a laboratory setting. Escherichia coli B was grown in tryptic soy broth in the presence of a small, increasing concentration of streptomycin. This exposure resulted in a strain of E. coli, which had an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards streptomycin, or “resistance.” This resistant strain was then grown in like manner in nalidixic acid and then penicillin G. The result was a strain that became resistant to streptomycin and nalidixic acid, and increasingly resistant to nalidixic acid after penicillin G exposure. Additionally, the bacteria retained resistance to streptomycin and nalidixic acid even after exposure to those chemicals ceased. Genome sequencing and comparison to E. coli B reference strain REL606 revealed the emergence of point mutations with each exposure to an antibiotic. Of particular interest is a mutation associated with the appearance of nalidixic acid resistance. Base pair 4,553,488 was changed from adenine to guanine, resulting in a change from aspartate to glycine in the protein helicase. Previous studies have not indicated mutations to this locus as nalidixic acid resistance conferring. Thus, this mutation may be a novel mutation conferring E. coli B nalidixic acid resistance. Since the region of the mutated helicase is functionally undefined, a mechanism is not apparent. Further research needs to be done to confirm this hypothesis and illuminate a mechanism. KEYWORDS: Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Evolution; Antibiotic Resistance; Nalidixic Acid; Streptomycin; Point Mutation; Single-nucleotide Polymorphism; Helicase; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

scholarly journals Increasing Incidence and Comparison of Nalidixic Acid-ResistantSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotype Typhimurium Isolates from Humans and Animals

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Heurtin-Le Corre ◽  
Pierre-Yves Donnio ◽  
Monique Perrin ◽  
Marie-France Travert ◽  
Jean-Loup Avril
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Animal Isolates ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

We determined the resistance to quinolone of 309 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and animals (cattle, pigs, or poultry) in 1995 or 1996. Nalidixic acid resistance increased from 8.5% in 1995 to 18.6% in 1996. The highest resistance levels correlated with a mutation at Ser-83 (or Asp-82). All strains remained ciprofloxacin susceptible. Human and animal isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the banding patterns of the human isolates most closely matched those of the bovine isolates.

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