Induced tolerance of neonate Heliothis zea to host plant allelochemicals and carbaryl following incubation of eggs on foliage of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum

Oecologia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
R. R. Farrar ◽  
M. R. Riskallah
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Lycopersicon Hirsutum ◽  
Plant Allelochemicals ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Growth Inhibitors in Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Examples from a wild tomato with Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Farrar ◽  
George G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Plant Resistance To Insects

Non-lethal, growth inhibiting allelochemicals have potential roles in host plant resistance to insects because they can extend the time the insects are exposed to other mortality factors. Four chemical constituents of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417 were evaluated in artificial diet as growth inhibitors to Heliothis zea (Boddie): alpha-tomatine, chlorogenic acid, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene. All caused small increases in developmental time, and, except for chlorogenic acid, small decreases in pupal weight. These changes may be too small to be of biological significance in host plant resistance. Our results suggest that the usual method of evaluating growth inhibitors, which is to weigh the insects after a fixed feeding period, is inadequate to assess the biological significance of any observed growth inhibitory effects. Because differences in weight after fixed feeding periods do not always translate into equivalent changes in developmental time or final weight, measurement of actual developmental time may be more appropriate.

Neem chemicals disturb the behavioral response of Liriomyza huidobrensis to conspecific-induced potato volatiles

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Facknath ◽  
Alex Stewart-Jones ◽  
Denis J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Plant Allelochemicals

Plants respond to insect attack by releasing complex blends of phytogenic volatile organic compounds. Selection of a host plant by the leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis is influenced by such volatile chemicals (allelochemicals) released by the host plant. In the case of potato plants, the allelochemicals identified are mainly volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. A potato plant that is already infested by other individuals of the same species of insects shows a quantitative difference in emission of such allelochemicals, which in turn plays an important role in the host preference behavior exhibited by the insect. Olfactometer tests (using whole, potted potato plants as well as excised leaves) showed that L. huidobrensis adults were more attracted to already infested plants for feeding and egg-laying than they were to uninfested plants, demonstrating that volatile chemicals from infested plants function as kairomones in this insect-plant relationship. However, when the potato plants were grown in soil treated with aqueous neem extract, this relationship was disturbed and the insects did not exhibit any consistent feeding or egg-laying response to neem-treated infested or uninfested host plants. This indicates that neem compounds disturb secondary metabolite production in the potato plant, which in turn has an influence on insects that use volatile plant allelochemicals as cues for host identification and location. Results of this study can help in a better understanding of neem as an environment-friendly botanical pesticide for use in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals IMPROVED HOST PLANT RESISTANCE BY MODIFICATION OF PLANT CHEMICAL CUES ASSOCIATED WITH HELIOTHIS ZEA HOST PLANT SELECTION FOR OVIPOSITION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178a-1178
Author(s):  
John A. Juvik
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Crop Species

Heliothis zea (Boddle) is one of agriculture's worst insect pests. Reduction in crop productivity and costs for insecticidal control of this cosmopolitan pest cost U.S. agriculture many millions of dollars annually. The sesquiterpenes (+)-E-å-santalen-12-oic and (+)-E- endo- β–bergamoten-12-oic acids isolated from hexane leaf extracts of the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon hirsutum, have been shown to attract and stimulate oviposition by female H. zea. Extracts from other host plants (tobacco, corn, and cotton) also possess attractant/oviposition stimulant activity to female H. zea. Studies are underway to assess the potential use of these and other phytochemicals for the control or monitoring of population levels of H. zea in tomato, corn and cotton fields.The isolation and structural identification of insect pest oviposition stimulants in horticultural crop species can provide valuable information to plant breeders involved in developing cultivars with improved insect host plant resistance. This information could be used to develop cultivars lacking the chemical cues used by insects for host plant location and recognition. Risks of public exposure to toxic insecticides through consumption of agricultural produce and polluted ground water emphasize the critical need for the development of crop genotypes with improved best plant resistance as a supplementary method of insect pest management in agricultural ecosystems.

Presence of water-soluble materials on cotton terminals as related to bollwoxm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
H. L. Bhardwaj ◽  
J. B. Weaver ◽  
R. F. Severson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Plant Parts

Bollworms (Heliothis zea Boddie and H. virescens F.) are serious cotton pests. During 1980, the cotton crop in U.S.A. suffered an 8·73% loss due to insect pests; 3·07% of this loss was due to the damage caused by bollworms. This 8·73% loss in cotton production occurred despite control measures adopted by cotton growers at an average cost of $36.27 per acre (Anon. 1981). Four plant characteristics impart varying degrees of host-plant resistance against bollworms in cotton (Maxwell, 1977). The bollworm moths exhibit an oviposition nonpreference towards glabrous and nectarless cottons. Presence of high gossypol and ‘X-factors’ in plant parts detrimentally affects the growth and survival of bollworm larvae. The ‘X-factors’ are unknown chemical substances that impart host-plant resistance against bollworms in cotton. This resistance was shown to be heritable by Lukefahr et al. (1974).

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