Individual variation in pathogen attack and differential reproductive success in the annual legume, Amphicarpaea bracteata

Oecologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Pathogen Attack ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success ◽  
Amphicarpaea Bracteata

Female Choice and Male Courtship Behaviour in the Beaugregory Damselfish

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractDuring courtship in the beaugregory (Stegastes leucostictus), a coral reef fish, males turn the dorsal half of their bodies from dull brown to bright yellow, and perform a series of rapid dipping movements in front of females. To look for evidence that females select males on the basis of these characteristics, we provided males with artificial breeding sites in the field, measured their reproductive success, and videotaped courtship. Reproductive success was measured by monitoring both the number and size of egg clutches present in the breeding site that was defended by the male. Both unmanipulated and experimentally induced courtship events were videotaped in separate groups of 88 (of which 32 were videotaped courting females) and 30 males, respectively. Experimental induction of courtship was done by placing a female in a clear plastic cylinder 0.5 m away from the breeding site of a territorial male; each of the 30 males received 8 different female presentations, but never more than one a day, and with a different female every time. We compared (i) the cumulative amount of eggs and number of clutches with the amount of yellow colouration and dipping rate for individual males in both the observational and experimental groups, (ii) individual variation in percentage yellow and dipping rate (for the experimental group only) with reproductive success on the same day when courtship was videotaped, and (iii) egg survivorship (ratio of final to early stage eggs) with yellow colouration and dipping rate, to see if these characteristics indicate male parental ability. Individual variation in courtship characteristics was not correlated with reproductive success on that day. In contrast, however, mean values of percentage yellow and dip rate were correlated with both the number of clutches and amount of eggs, for both the observational and experimental group of males, indicating that females preferentially spawn with males that have the brightest yellow colouration and the highest dip rate. Percentage yellow colouration was correlated with egg survival in the unmanipulated males, but not in the experimental group, while dipping rate was not correlated with egg survival in either group. We argue here that female assessment of male courtship is part of a complex process of female choice, in which females either simultaneously or sequentially examine territorial, breeding site, and male characteristics, and thereby attempt to enhance the survivorship of their offspring.

Differential Reproductive Success of Ospreys in New Jersey

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Steidl ◽  
Curtice R. Griffin ◽  
Lawrence J. Niles
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success

A Simplified Bioenergetics Model of a Hammerhead Shark for Teaching Natural Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Jay Y. S. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Bioenergetics Model ◽  
Hammerhead Shark ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Successful Predation

Students often have difficulty understanding the underpinning mechanisms of natural selection because they lack the means to directly test hypotheses within the classroom. Computer simulations are ideal platforms to allow students to manipulate variables and observe evolutionary outcomes; however, many available models solve the scenario for the users without revealing the evolutionarily significant calculations. I developed a simplified bioenergetics model of a hammerhead shark for teaching natural selection that allows the users to manipulate variables and see the impacts of modeling while solving for the evolutionary consequences. Students generate variation within the population by controlling cephalofoil widths and swimming speeds of an individual, which affect its ability to detect and capture prey at the expense of energy lost as drag from swimming. The trade-off between energy gained from successful predation and energy lost from metabolic expenditures dictates rates of reproduction. By manipulating a subset of factors that influence differential reproductive success, students gain an improved understanding of natural selection.

Differential Reproductive Success among the Serbian Jews

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-324
Author(s):  
Jelena Čvorović ◽  
Kosta Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success

scholarly journals Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1413-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Balaresque ◽  
Nicolas Poulet ◽  
Sylvain Cussat-Blanc ◽  
Patrice Gerard ◽  
Lluis Quintana-Murci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success

scholarly journals Individual variation in energy‐saving heterothermy affects survival and reproductive success

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Dammhahn ◽  
Manuelle Landry‐Cuerrier ◽  
Denis Réale ◽  
Dany Garant ◽  
Murray M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Individual Variation
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