Microhabitat factors affecting abundance and diversity of Conus on coral reefs

Oecologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

scholarly journals Hubungan Rugositas Terumbu Karang terhadap Struktur Komunitas Ikan Corallivor dan Herbivor di Perairan Pemuteran, Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nidzar Muhammad Rafly ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
Widiastuti Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Herbivorous Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Reef fishes are the highest number of organisms that can be found in coral reefs in which the abundance depends on the healthy of this ecosystem. Reef fishes are mainly consisted of corallivorous and herbivorous fish. Corralivorous fish feeds on coral polyps while herbivorous fish feeds on algae. Therefore these fishes are an important indicators in the resilience of coral reefs. Studies showed that its abundance is strongly correlated with reef’s conture (rugosity). Pemuteran waters is one of developing tourists attraction in the north Bali island. However, the data of reef fishes and coral reefs in Pemuteran waters remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to study the reef` condition and rugosity in Pemuteran waters, also to examine the correlation between reefs fishes and reefs rugosity in this area. There were four stations according to purposive sampling method. Data of corallivorous and herbivorous fishes were collected by using the underwater visual census with a 40 m2 transect. Reef rugosity index were determined by using chain transect method. Results showed that reef rugosity in Pemuteran waters was in the medium to high category. Reef rugosity has strong correlation with the total abundance and diversity of corallivorous fishes. However, reef rugosity was only strong correlated with the total abundance but not with the diversity of herbivorous fishes.

scholarly journals Associations between Benthic Cover and Habitat Complexity Metrics Obtained from 3D Reconstruction of Coral Reefs at Different Resolutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Fukunaga ◽  
John H. R. Burns ◽  
Kailey H. Pascoe ◽  
Randall K. Kosaki
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) habitat structure of coral reefs is an important aspect of coral reef monitoring, as habitat architecture affects the abundance and diversity of reef organisms. Here, we used photogrammetric techniques to generate 3D reconstructions of coral reefs and examined relationships between benthic cover and various habitat metrics obtained at six different resolutions of raster cells, ranging from 1 to 32 cm. For metrics of 3D structural complexity, fractal dimension, which utilizes information on 3D surface areas obtained at different resolutions, and vector ruggedness measure (VRM) obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution correlated well with benthic cover, with a relatively large amount of variability in these metrics being explained by the proportions of corals and crustose coralline algae. Curvature measures were, on the other hand, correlated with branching and mounding coral cover when obtained at 1-cm resolution, but the amount of variability explained by benthic cover was generally very low when obtained at all other resolutions. These results show that either fractal dimension or VRM obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution, along with curvature obtained at 1-cm resolution, can effectively capture the 3D habitat structure provided by specific benthic organisms.

Importance of philopatry and hydrodynamics in the recruitment of bioeroding sponges on Indonesian coral reefs

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Joseph Marlow ◽  
Abdul Haris ◽  
James Bell
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Coral Mortality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Larval Recruitment ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Reef Degradation ◽  
Adult Abundance ◽  
Cliona Orientalis

Increasingly frequent large-scale coral mortality events are occurring across the globe, leading to a rise in available reef substrata and promoting an increase in the abundance of other benthic taxa. One such group are bioeroding sponges, which can benefit considerably from reef degradation. However, the occupation of new substrates is partially reliant upon larval recruitment, and currently little is known about the factors affecting bioeroding sponge recruitment. In this study we investigated the potential drivers of bioeroding sponge recruitment using a 2-year deployment of experimental calcareous substrates across seven reefs in the Wakatobi region of Indonesia. Recruitment was observed for five bioeroding sponge species, namely Cliona orientalis, Cliothosa cf. aurivillii, Cliothosa hancocki and two presently unidentified brown clionaids, Cliona aff. viridis sp. A and Cliona aff. viridis sp. B. Recruits were present on 69% of the experimental substrates but had a low mean (±s.e.m.) spatial coverage of just 0.42±0.13%. Total recruitment and species assemblage structure were correlated with local adult abundance, water flow and substrate cues. Our results suggest that any proliferation of bioeroding sponges on newly available substrate following coral mortality is likely to be conditional on local adult abundance and hydrodynamics.

Seasonal variations in the structure of copepod assemblages in tropical marine and estuarine waters, Coleroon, south-east India

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rajkumar ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
I. R. Jenkinson ◽  
M.M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Coleroon Estuary

A twelve-month investigation was undertaken on how copepod community structure varied in relation to environmental factors in the Coleroon estuary, south-east India. Sampling was monthly, from Station 1 in the sea to Station 4 in the Vettar backwaters. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to elucidate the environmental factors affecting the copepod community. A total of 104 copepod species in 38 genera and 26 families were recorded, with the Calanoids, Acartia erythraea and Oithona brevicornis being the most dominant. At all four stations, both these species loaded near the intercept of CCA axes 1 and 2, perhaps reflecting that they were autochthonous. Most species occurred in distinct seasonal patterns. Abundances ranged from 13 × 103 to 215 × 103 (ind. m−3). Coleroon waters showed high diversity (bits/ind.), from 5.29 at Station 3 to 4.97 at Station 4. Abundance correlated positively with temperature and salinity and negatively with rainfall, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and pH. Species diversity correlated strongly with abundance (P < 0.01). Abundance and diversity were highest during the summer, and both correlated positively with salinity. Temperatures (air and water), salinity, pH and DO varied in the ranges 26–36°C, 25–34.2°C, 9–38, 7.0–8.7 and 3.0–6.8 ml l-1, respectively. Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (µM) varied in the ranges: 4.7–64.5, 0.4–14.1, 0.2–12.9 and 9.3–148, respectively.

scholarly journals Fish Composition and Diversity of Four Coral Reefs in the South China Sea Based on Hand-Line Catch

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Yuanjie Li ◽  
Zuozhi Chen ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
South China ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sea Fish

To improve the overall understanding of the fish diversity and spatial patterns of major coral reefs in the South China Sea, fish assemblage composition, dominant species, biodiversity indices, and multivariate analysis of community structure were reported for four major coral reefs based on hand-line survey data in May and September 2018. A total of five orders, 21 families, 45 genera and 121 species of fish were recorded with Perciformes (78.5%) being the most diverse. The highest number (5) of dominant species was found near Chenhang Island while the lowest (2) number was detected at Zhubi Reef. The highest abundance index (7.21) occurred at Zhubi Reef, while the Shannon–Wiener diversity (4.80), Pielou’s evenness (0.81), and Simpson’s dominance (0.95) indexes were all highest at Qiliangyu Island. Based on cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS), fish communities varied more spatially than seasonally. Our results led us to hypothesize that the habitat complexity and level of anthropogenic disturbance were the main factors affecting the composition of reef-dwelling fish on each coral reef. Topography was likely responsible for most variation in the spatial pattern of fish diversity.

scholarly journals Fluctuations of wind and temperature fields in Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan waters and its possible relationship with coral bleaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4A) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tran Van Chung ◽  
Ngo Manh Tien ◽  
Cao Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Weak Wind

Temperature and wind on the sea surface are factors affecting the development of coral reefs in the seawaters. The research results show that the warming of sea water under the condition of weak wind field is considered a major threat to the bleaching of coral reefs in the sea areas of the Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan provinces.

Incidence and identity of photosynthetic symbionts in Caribbean coral reef sponge assemblages

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Erwin ◽  
Robert W. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
Caribbean Coral ◽  
Xestospongia Muta ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reef ◽  
Sponge Ecology ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Chondrilla Nucula

Marine sponges are abundant and diverse components of coral reefs and commonly harbour photosynthetic symbionts in these environments. The most prevalent symbiont is the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus spongiarum, isolated from taxonomically diverse hosts from geographically distant regions. We combined analyses of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations with line-intercept transect surveys to assess the abundance and diversity of reef sponges hosting photosymbionts on Caribbean coral reefs in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panamá. To identify symbionts, we designed PCR primers that specifically amplify a fragment of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from S. spongiarum and used these primers to screen potential host sponges for the presence of this symbiont. Chlorophyll-a data divided the sponge community into two disparate groups, species with high (>125 μg/g, N=20) and low (<50 μg/g, N=38) chl-a concentrations. Only two species exhibited intermediate (50–125 μg/g) chl-a concentrations; these species represented hosts with reduced symbiont populations, including bleached Xestospongia muta and the mangrove form of Chondrilla nucula (C. nucula f. hermatypica). Sponges with high and intermediate chl-a concentrations accounted for over one-third of the species diversity and abundance of sponges in these communities. Most (85%) of these sponges harboured S. spongiarum. Molecular phylogenies reveal that S. spongiarum represents a sponge-specific Synechococcus lineage, distinct from free-living cyanobacteria. The prevalence of sponge–photosymbiont associations and dominance of symbiont communities by S. spongiarum suggest a major role of this cyanobacterium in sponge ecology and primary productivity on coral reefs.

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