Effect of acetylene provided by wax-coated calcium carbide on transformations of urea nitrogen applied to an irrigated wheat crop

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Smith ◽  
J. R. Freney ◽  
A. R. Mosier
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

scholarly journals Fate of 15N-urea applied to wheat-soybean succession crop

Bragantia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Enedi Boaretto ◽  
Eduardo Scarpari Spolidorio ◽  
José Guilherme de Freitas ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Application ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
15N Urea ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

The wheat crop in São Paulo State, Brazil, is fertilized with N, P and K. The rate of applied N (0 to 120 kg.ha-1) depends on the previous grown crop and the irrigation possibility. The response of wheat to rates and time of N application and the fate of N applied to irrigated wheat were studied during two years. Residual N recovery by soybean grown after the wheat was also studied. The maximum grain productivity was obtained with 92 kg.ha-1 of N. The efficiency of 15N-urea utilization ranged from 52% to 85%. The main loss of applied 15N, 5% to 12% occurred as ammonia volatilized from urea applied on soil surface. The N loss by leaching even at the N rate of 135 kg.ha-1, was less than 1% of applied 15N, due to the low amount of rainfall during the wheat grown season and a controlled amount of irrigated water, that were sufficient to moisten only the wheat root zone. The residual 15N after wheat harvest represents around 40% of N applied as urea: 20% in soil, 3% in wheat root system and 16% in the wheat straw. Soybean recovered less than 2% of the 15N applied to wheat at sowing or at tillering stage.

Soil Management in the Physical Attributes and the Wheat Crop Irrigated Productivity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Dryelle Sifuentes Pallaoro ◽  
Wininton Mendes da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The objective of this work was the influence of three management systems on the physical attributes and productivity of irrigated wheat, cultivar BRS-254, in the city of Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in split plots, with eight replications, being considered as plots the three systems of soil management: Conventional management (MC) with two gradations (one heavy and one light); minimum management (MM) with light harrowing; and direct seeding (SD). As a subplot: two layers of soil (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) and two seasons, being at 42 and 97 days after sowing (DAS) of wheat. The soil physical attributes evaluated were: macro and microporosity, total porosity, soil density and soil resistance to penetration. The yield of wheat crop was also evaluated. For the effects of MC, MM and SD, of the soil layers and DAS in the parameters macroporosity, microporosity and total soil porosity the MC and MM provided higher values ​​of macroporosity and microporosity decrease at 42 DAS. The macroporosity was higher in the layer up to 10 cm and the microporosity in the 20 cm layer at both the 42 and the 97 DAS. The aeration capacity of the soil followed in ascending order in the management systems SD <MC <MM. In SD there was a significant increase in macroporosity from 42 to 97 DAS. Microporosity presented higher value at 97 DAS. Total porosity, as well as macroporosity, presented the highest value at 42 DAS. For the effects on soil density at 42 DAS it was observed that the lowest density value was found in the MM followed by MC. At 97 DAS, the density values ​​practically returned to the initial value before the management intervention. It was verified that the soil density at the end of the crop cycle had an average value around 1.02 kg dm3. At 42 and 97 DAS the lowest soil density value was found in the 0 to 10 cm layer. In the 10 to 20 cm layer at 42 DAS, the SD had the highest soil density value in relation to the treatments studied, but at 97 DAS the SD had the lowest density value. For the effects on soil penetration resistance it was observed that soil resistance to penetration between MM and MC always remained below 2 MPa. The resistance curve showed that the soil rotation was efficient up to 10 cm depth, as they presented values ​​lower than those found for SD, which presented resistance values ​​between 1.5 and 2 MPa. For the effects on yield of irrigated wheat, the use of MM and SD as a way to reduce soil compaction did not contribute to the increase of yield of irrigated wheat. The MC provided higher productivity.

scholarly journals Soil-moisture and evapotranspiration simulations for irrigated wheat using Soil- Plant-Atmosphere- Water (SPAW ) model

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
L. S. RATHORE ◽  
G. SRINIVASAN ◽  
K. K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

goil-Plant -Atmosph erc-Watcr (S PAW) model has been applied 10 sim ula te soil-moistureprofiles for .... hea l in Delhi. Prescr ibed Inrorrnation on wheat growt h characteristics and soils alongwit h dailymeteorological data on evaporation an d rainfall were used to estima te soil- moi sture 31 a locat ion in Delhi for I Iyear s. Soil moisture simulations from model runs of consecu tive f,."T"0P seasons from 1979-80 10 1989-90 were infa vourable agreement with the gravimetrically measured obse rved dat a. Comparisons were also made for themo del gene rat ed eva pot ra nspi rat ion values. Ccrrcla tionv between observed a nd simu la ted soil-moisture in tho:different layers ra nged from 0 .7 to 0.85 for the tl -year period . Similarl y. integrated co lumn moisture amountsduring d iffe rent stage; of the crop also sho wed sign ificant cor rela tio ns ra nging from 0 .4 to 0 .8 . The model exhibitsa tendency to syste-n nicall v over estimate soil-moist ure du ring the final stage s of crop. possibly due I,)im perfections in in put . model a rt ifacts an~ observationa l ina deq uaci es. H ONe..-er-. the overall ability of the modelto rep roduce obser ved changes m soil-moisture for activ ely growing wheat crop In Indian con ditions, underlinesito; uti lity.

scholarly journals Gaseous nitrogen losses from pig slurry fertilisation: can they be reduced with additives in a wheat crop?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0302
Author(s):  
Noemí Mateo-Marín ◽  
Ramón Isla ◽  
Dolores Quílez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Aim of the study: The use of pig slurry as fertiliser is associated with gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, especially ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), leading to environmental problems and a reduction of its fertiliser value. This study evaluates, in an irrigated wheat crop, the effect of different additives mixed with pig slurry to decrease NH3 and N2O losses.Area of study: Middle Ebro valley, SpainMaterials and methods: The treatments were: i) non-N-fertilised control, ii) pig slurry (PS), iii) pig slurry with the urease inhibitor monocarbamide dihydrogen sulphate (PS-UI), iv) pig slurry with a microbial activator in development (PS-A), and v) pig slurry with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (PS-NI). Pig slurry was applied at a target rate of 120 kg NH4+-N ha-1. Ammonia volatilisation was measured using semi-opened static chambers after treatments application at presowing 2016 and side-dressing 2017. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured using static closed chambers after treatments application at the 2017 and 2018 side-dressing.Main results: Ammonia volatilisation was estimated to be 7-9% and 19-23% of NH4+-N applied after presowing and side-dressing applications, respectively. Additives were not able to reduce NH3 emissions in any application moment. PS-NI was the only treatment being effective in reducing N2O emissions, 70% respect to those in PS treatment. Crop yield parameters were not affected by the application of the additives because of the no effect of additives controlling NH3 losses and the low contribution of N2O losses to the N balance (<1 kg N2O-N ha-1).Research highlights: The use of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate would be recommended from an environmental perspective, although without grain yield benefits.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients in two irrigated wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Tonny J. A. da Silva ◽  
Edna M. Bonfim-Silva ◽  
William Fenner ◽  
Thiago F. Duarte ◽  
Jefferson V. José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Evaporation Coefficient ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Crop Coefficients

ABSTRACT In the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, wheat is an alternative to the current production system, mainly in irrigated crops, with new cultivars improved for this environment and system. The objective was to determine the evapotranspiration of the irrigated wheat crop and the dual coefficients of cultivars for the Brazilian Midwest. The experiment was conducted in the field using 12 weighing lysimeters and mini-lysimeters, filled by soil monoliths. The wheat cultivars BRS-254 and BRS-394 were used in the first and second years, respectively. Reference evapotranspiration was obtained by the Penman-Monteith equation and crop evapotranspiration by the mass difference in the lysimeters. Basal crop coefficient and soil water evaporation coefficient were determined according to the crop development stages in both years of cultivation. The mean ETc and ETo values were 3.87, 3.49 mm d-1 and 4.10 and 3.23 mm d-1, respectively, in the first and second cultivation cycles, with higher values of ETc recorded in the reproductive stages of the crop, flowering and grain filling. The basal crop coefficients and soil water evaporation coefficients estimated by weighing lysimeters composed of soil monoliths are: Kcb - 0.42, 0.78, 0.94, 0.74 and 0.47 and Ke - 0.72, 0.52, 0.39, 0.58 and 0.13 for the cultivar BRS-254, and Kcb - 0.28, 0.27, 0.65, 0.98 and 0.66 and Ke - 1.04, 0.96, 0.65, 0.34 and 0.51 for the cultivar BRS-394, at the stages of emergence, tillering, flowering, maturation and harvest, respectively.

scholarly journals Urease inhibitor (NBPT) and efficiency of single or split application of urea in wheat crop

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Curitiba Espindula ◽  
Valterley Soares Rocha ◽  
Moacil Alves de Souza ◽  
Marcela Campanharo ◽  
Adérico Júnior Badaró Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide), a urease inhibitor, has been reported as one of the most promising compounds to maximize urea nitrogen use in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of irrigated wheat fertilized with urea or urea + NBPT as single or split application. The experiment was conducted from June to October 2006 in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The experimental design followed a 2×2 factorial scheme, in which urea or urea + NBPT were combined with two modes of application: full dose at sowing (60kg ha-1) or split (20kg ha-1 at sowing + 40kg ha-1 as topdressing at tillering), in randomized blocks with ten replications. The split application of nitrogen fertilization does not improve the yield wheat under used conditions. The use of urease inhibitor improves the grain yield of wheat crop when urea is applied in topdressing at tillering, but its use does not promote difference when urea is applied in the furrow at planting.

Effects of trees on the yield of irrigated wheat crop in semi-arid regions

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Puri ◽  
K. S. Bangarwa
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Partitioning evapotranspiration of a drip-irrigated wheat crop: Inter-comparing eddy covariance-, sap flow-, lysimeter- and FAO-based methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 310-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubair Rafi ◽  
Olivier Merlin ◽  
Valérie Le Dantec ◽  
Saïd Khabba ◽  
Patrick Mordelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Irrigated Wheat
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