Feeding responses of adapted and non-adapted insects to the defensive properties of Baccharis halimifolia L. (Compositae)

Oecologia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Kraft ◽  
Robert F. Denno
Keyword(s):  
Baccharis Halimifolia

Replacement of estuarine communities by an exotic shrub: distribution and invasion history of Baccharis halimifolia in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caño ◽  
J. A. Campos ◽  
D. García-Magro ◽  
M. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Invasion History ◽  
Baccharis Halimifolia ◽  
History Of

Shade Tolerance as Reflected in Population Structures of the Woody Weed, Groundsel Bush (Baccharis halimifolia L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
FD Panetta
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Baccharis Halimifolia ◽  
Population Structures

Previously documented shade tolerance in establishing seedlings of groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia L.) was reflected in the similarity of the size structures of populations growing within slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. ellottii Engelm.) stands of differing ages. The accumulation of litter appeared to be the dominant factor leading to the cessation of seedling recruitment following canopy closure. Evidence for self-thinning obtained from the B. halimifolia population occuring within the younger pine stand provided an indication that the carrying capacity of the site was approached fairly early in the rotation.

Ecological studies on reproduction and establishment of the woody weed, groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia L.: Asteraceae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Westman ◽  
FD Panetta ◽  
TD Stanely
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Baccharis Halimifolia ◽  
Tall Plant ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Total Seed

Groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia) is spreading southward along the coastal range of eastern Australia where the annual rainfall exceeds 90 cm. This advance conforms with its cool temperature optimum for germination (15-20�C) and its superior germination when given a cold pretreatment (5�C for 1 week). The species has a facultative light requirement for germination, which suggests that the maintenance of a very dense vegetative cover in the herb layer could discourage establishment of the weed. Once established, however, B. halimifolia can produce viable seed in very dense shade (3 % of open light conditions), even though total seed production per plant is reduced. Prolific seeding occurs with high light intensity. Thus a tall plant (2 m) may release c. 1.5 million seeds. Seedlings possess an unusual ability to maintain growth under low nitrogen conditions during their first 13 weeks, and to survive even when the supply of all nutrients is poor. Seedlings showed no growth response when the strength of a standard nutrient solution was doubled. The fact that growth is not inhibited under enriched nutrient conditions, however, may account for the superior competitive performance of B, halimifolia on fertilized sites containing native coastal species adapted to low soil fertility. Implications with respect to integrated control of the weed are briefly discussed.

Salinity and the small-scale distribution of three barrier island shrubs

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Young ◽  
David L. Erickson ◽  
Shawn W. Semones
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Baccharis Halimifolia ◽  
Myrica Cerifera ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Iva Frutescens

The importance of salinity to small-scale distribution patterns was examined for three shrubs common on barrier islands of the southeastern United States. Field measurements focused on the salt marsh – upland interface zone on Hog Island, Virginia, where Myrica cerifera, Baccharis halimifolia, and Iva frutescens form distinct distributional zones. Although considerable variation in salinity occurred throughout the growth season (June through October), total soil chlorides and groundwater salinity were lowest for M. cerifera, intermediate for B. halimifolia, and highest for I. frutescens. All three species showed similar diurnal and seasonal patterns in stomatal conductance and leaf xylem pressure potential, despite the differences in salinity. However, a laboratory experiment revealed interspecific differences in water relations when the three shrubs were exposed to identical salinity regimes. The field data and water relations experiment indicated M. cerifera is least tolerant to salinity, I. frutescens is most tolerant, and B. halimifolia is intermediate. Seed germination experiments revealed a similar response, except that B. halimifolia was more sensitive to salinity than M. cerifera. The interspecific differences in soil and groundwater salinity, along with the physiological response differences, indicated that salinity may be one of the major environmental factors influencing zonation among the three shrubs; however, the absence of I. frutescens and B. halimifolia in low salinity areas implied that other factors also influence zonation patterns on barrier islands. Key words: Baccharis halimifolia, Iva frutescens, Myrica cerifera, barrier island, salinity tolerance, shrub.

The effects of vegetation development upon achene production in the woody weed, groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
FD Panetta
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Baccharis Halimifolia ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Achene Production

An examination of the achene production of groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia L.) populations growing within two exotic softwood stands of differing ages revealed that substantial reductions in this variable occurred following canopy closure. Mean reproductive efficiency, estimated as the number of achenes per gram dry weight of understorey bushes within the older stand, was only 31% of the corresponding value for bushes growing within a stand prior to the occurrence of canopy closure. Only small differences were found in both cumulative germination percentage and germination rate of achenes collected from each population. Female bushes, when shaded to a level of 14% open sky radiation, demonstrated a 30% reduction in the number of flowers initiated per head and a 25% reduction in percentage achene fill. Floral initiation was found to be independent of the production of oil reserves. Whilst dramatic reductions in the achene production of understorey individuals occur with plantation development, it is suggested that the density of unmanipulated populations of B. halimifolia may prevent the invasion and development of dominance by native tree species.

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