Reproductive strategies and diet in deep-sea nuculanid protobranchs (Bivalvia: Nuculoidea) from the Rockall Trough

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
R. Harvey ◽  
L. A. Giles ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Rockall Trough

Larval Development of Deep-Sea Gastropods (Prosobranchia: Neogastropoda) From The Rockall Trough

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Colman ◽  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

The larval shell morphology of 14 species of neogastropod from the Rockall Trough, N.E. Atlantic has been examined using scanning electron microscopy. Mode of development has been interpreted from protoconch size and morphological features, from the ratio of protoconch diameter to number of larval whorls and by comparisons with confamilial or congeneric shallow-water neogastropods in which development is known. Eight species have non-planktotrophic and 6 have planktotrophic development. Food availability and feeding strategy are important factors in the development of the two different reproductive strategies in the deep sea.

The Reproductive Biology of Ophiacantha Bidentata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) From The Rockall Trough

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Rockall Trough

INTRODUCTIONOphiacantha bidentata (Retzius) is a widespread arctic-boreal ophiuroid with a circumpolar distribution in the shallow waters of the Arctic seas and penetrating into the deep sea of the.North Atlantic and North Pacific (Mortensen, 1927, 1933a; D'yakonov, 1954). Early observations of this species were confined to defining zoogeo-graphical and taxonomic criteria including the separation of deep water specimens as the variety fraterna (Farran, 1912; Grieg, 1921; Mortensen, 1933a). Mortensen (1910) and Thorson (1936, pp. 18–26) noted the large eggs (o.8 mm diameter) in specimens from Greenland and Thorson (1936) proposed that this species had ‘big eggs rich in yolk, shed directly into the sea. Much reduced larval stage or direct development’. This evidence is supported by observations of O. bidentata from the White and Barents Seas (Semenova, Mileikovsky & Nesis, 1964; Kaufman, 1974)..

The reproductive biology of Plutonaster Bifrons, Dytaster Insigns and Psilaster Andromeda (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) from the Rockall Trough

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-887
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
S. L. Pain
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Surface Production

Examination of the reproductive biology of three closely related sympatric astropectinid asteroidshas revealed two distinct reproductive strategies. In Plutonaster bifrons and Dytaster insignis the gonads are serially arranged and open at gonopores located at the tip of genital papillae found on the dorsal arm surface between the bases of the paxillae. The ovaries of these species produce numerous small (ca. 120/«n diameter) eggs which in Plutonaster bifrons appear to show a distinct synchrony of production. Initiation of gametogenesis occurs in June to August of each year with oocyte growthcontinuing until March with a spawn-out in the period March to early June. In specimens where spawningdoesnot occur, there would appear to be internal oocyte degeneration, or after spawning relict oocytesundergo phagocytosis. In males initiation of spermatogenesis may occur in August/September of eachyear but after this synchrony of sperm development is not evident. In Psilaster andromeda gonads are located at the base of the arms and each gonad opens at a single gonopore. A number of small (<300 /«n) oocytes are produced by each gonad. Some of these are phagocytosed and some undergo vitellogenesis and grow to a maximum size of 950 fim before being spawned. Unspent oocytes undergo internal degeneration. In neither females nor males is there any evidence of reproductive synchrony. From these egg sizes, fecundities and gametogenic strategies, we infer indirect planktotrophic development for Plutonaster bifrons, the transfer of a seasonal surface production to deep water providing a food source for developing larvae. The egg size and or close to the sea-bed, as there is no evidence of brooding in this species.

The Reproductive Biology of the Deep-Sea Asteroid Bathybiaster Vexillifer

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
S. L. Pain ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species

INTRODUCTIONThe reproductive biology of asteroids from a wide variety of ecological niches has been examined (Farmanfarmaian et al. 1958; Cognetti & Delavault, i962;Pearse, 1965; Chia, 1968; Crump, 1971; Jangoux & Vloebergh, 1973; Worley, Franz & Hendler, 1977; Barker, 1979; Shick, Taylor & Lamb, 1981). Most of the species within this class appear to show some degree of seasonal reproductive synchrony with very few species showing aseasonal reproduction (Shick et al. 1981). Although the seasonally reproducing asteroids show a wide variety of reproductive strategies, from planktotrophic larvae to direct development, they all occur in relatively shallow water and are thus subject to the seasonal fluctuations of the physico-chemical environment. Only two shallow-water species, Ctenodiscus crispatus (Shick et al. 1981) and Patiriella exigua (Lawson-Kerr & Anderson, 1978), have aseasonal reproduction in both males and females. However, the deep sea is the only major environment in the world's ocean for which we have no data for the reproductive cycle of asteroids.

Microplastic accumulation in deep-sea sediments from the Rockall Trough

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 111092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Courtene-Jones ◽  
Brian Quinn ◽  
Ciaran Ewins ◽  
Stefan F. Gary ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments

The Biology of the Deep-Sea Species of Mysidacea (Crustacea) of the Rockall Trough

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mauchline
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Pelagic Environment ◽  
Rockall Trough ◽  
The North Atlantic

The mysid fauna of the Rockall Trough consists of more than 35 species partitioned between the pelagic water column and the bentho-pelagic environment. The pelagic mysids are dominated by Eucopia grimaldii, E. unguiculata and Boreomysis microps. The benthopelagic mysids, in a transect from 400 to 2900 m depth, are divided into four faunal associations. Pseudomma affine dominates the 400–800 m depth range; the impinging bathypelagic Gnathophausia zoea and the benthopelagic Boreomysis widens dominate the 800–1300 m range;Michthyops parva and Paramblyops rostrata are co-dominants in the 1400–2300 m range; while Amblyopsoides ohlinii dominates the 2170–2965 m range. The benthopelagic mysid fauna is most diverse at depths below 1400 m. It is dominated by species whose geographical distribution is restricted to the North Atlantic, in contrast to the pelagic mysid fauna, which is dominated by cosmopolitan species. Notes on the breeding season, biology and population structure of several species are given.

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