How bats achieve a small C-value: frequency of repetitive DNA in Macrotus

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Van Den Bussche ◽  
J. L. Longmire ◽  
R. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
C Value

scholarly journals Sustained retrotransposition is mediated by nucleotide deletions and interelement recombinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (40) ◽  
pp. 15470-15474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupma Sharma ◽  
Kevin L. Schneider ◽  
Gernot G. Presting
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
C Value ◽  
Unique Mechanism

The term “C-value paradox” was coined by C. A. Thomas, Jr. in 1971 [Thomas CA (1971)Ann Rev Genetics5:237–256] to describe the initially puzzling lack of correlation between an organism's genome size and its morphological complexity. Polyploidy and the expansion of repetitive DNA, primarily transposable elements, are two mechanisms that have since been found to account for this differential. While the inactivation of retrotransposons by methylation and their removal from the genome by illegitimate recombination have been well documented, the cause of the apparently periodic bursts of retrotranposon expansion is as yet unknown. We show that the expansion of the CRM1 retrotransposon subfamily in the ancient allotetraploid crop plant corn is linked to the repeated formation of novel recombinant elements derived from two parental retrotransposon genotypes, which may have been brought together during the hybridization of two sympatric species that make up the present day corn genome, thus revealing a unique mechanism linking polyploidy and retrotransposition.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

ANALISIS USAHA AGROINDUSTRI KERIPIK TEMPEDI DESA SUMBER DATAR KECAMATAN SINGINGIKABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Keripik Tempe Djokam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febry Nugroho ◽  
Jamalludin Jamalludin ◽  
Elfi Indrawanis
Keyword(s):  
Selling Price ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Price Point ◽  
C Value ◽  
Revenue Efficiency

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Samber Datar Kecamatan Singingi Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan, efesiensi usaha R/C dan untuk mengetahui BEP produksi dan BEP harga pada usaha Agroindustri Keripik Tempe Djokam di Desa Sumber Datar Kecamatan Singingi Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pendapatan keripik tempe djokam Rp 425.327/produksi dengan total biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp 574.673, yang terdiri dari biaya tetap dan biaya tidak tetap, nilai R/C sebesar 1,74, artinya setiap biaya yang dikeluarkan 1 rupiah maka diperoleh penerimaan sebesar 1,74 rupiah atau keuntungan sebesar 0,74 rupiah dan Break Even Poin produksi dengan total biaya sebesar Rp 574,673, maka harus memproduksi sebanyak 11,49 Kg dengan harga jualnya Rp 50.000, agar mencapai titik impas. Break Even Poin harga  dengan biaya sebesar Rp 574.673 maka Agroindustri Keripik Tempe harus memproduksi sebanyak 20 Kg dengan harga jual sebesar Rp 28.733, supaya mencapai titik impasnya.Kata Kunci : Agroindustri; Keripik Tempe; Pendapatan; R/C Ratio; BEP ABSTRACTThis research was conducted in Samber Datar Village, Singingi Subdistrict, Kuantan Singingi District. This study aims to determine the amount of revenue, efficiency of the R / C business and to determine the production BEP and price BEP in the Agroindustry of Tempe Djokam chips in Sumber Datar Village, Singingi District, Kuantan Singingi District. The results of this study indicate that the income of tempe chips djokam Rp 425,327 / production with a total cost incurred in the amount of Rp 574,673, consisting of fixed costs and variable costs, R / C value of 1.74, meaning that each cost incurred 1 rupiah is obtained revenue of 1.74 rupiahs or profit of 0.74 rupiahs and Break Even Points of production with a total cost of Rp 574,673, it must produce as much as 11.49 kg with a selling price of Rp 50,000, in order to break even. Break Even Price point at a cost of Rp 574,673 then the Tempe Chips Agroindustry must produce 20 kg with a selling price of Rp 28,733, in order to break even.Keywords: Agro-industry; Tempe Chips; Revenue; R / C Ratio; BEP

Permutation Separations and Complete Bipartite Factorisations of $K_{n,n}$

10.37236/1730 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Martin ◽  
Richard Stong
Keyword(s):  
C Value

Suppose $p < q$ are odd and relatively prime. In this paper we complete the proof that $K_{n,n}$ has a factorisation into factors $F$ whose components are copies of $K_{p,q}$ if and only if $n$ is a multiple of $pq(p+q)$. The final step is to solve the "c-value problem" of Martin. This is accomplished by proving the following fact and some variants: For any $0\le k\le n$, there exists a sequence $(\pi_1,\pi_2, \dots,\pi_{2k+1})$ of (not necessarily distinct) permutations of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ such that each value in $\{-k,1-k,\dots,k\}$ occurs exactly $n$ times as $\pi_j(i)-i$ for $1\le j\le 2k-1$ and $1\le i\le n$.

Assessment of Repetitive DNA Variation among Accessions of Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther E. Talbert ◽  
Susan L. Moylan ◽  
LeRoy J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Dna Variation

scholarly journals PSII-22 Comparison of the meat quality traits of crossbred pigs and the Large Black pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 241-242
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Keshari Thakali ◽  
Sarah Shelby ◽  
Jason Apple ◽  
Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
C Value ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the meat quality and genomic differences between cross-bred commercial pig (CP) and domestic Large Black pig (BP). Seven cross-bred commercial pigs and eight British Large Black pigs were assigned to CP group and BP group, with initial mean body weights of 18.82±1.412 kg for CP group and 23.31±1.935 kg for BP group, P = 0.061, and fed ad libitum. The final BW of the CP at d101 was similar to the BP (130.0±8.16 kg vs. 121.1±2.80 kg, P = 0.132). However, the BP group took 108 days to reach the final BW. The ADG in the CP was higher than BP (1.102±0.0599 kg vs. 0.905±0.0138 kg, P = 0.003). The hot carcass weight of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than BP, but the backfat of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than CP. The a* value of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than BP, and the c* value of CP was tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.10) than BP. However, the h value of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than CP. The longissimus dorsi muscle fat content of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than CP. For the fatty acid composition, the SFA and MUFA of BP were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than CP, but the PUFA of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than BP. The metmyoglobin content of CP was tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.10) than BP. For the meat metabolism, the oxygen consumption of longissimus dorsi muscle of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than CP. The RNA-Seq data showed that the expression of the genes related to lipid metabolism is higher in BP (fold change &gt; 3, P &lt; 0.05). To conclude, BP has higher meat quality, while CP has its advantages in growth performance. And the differences between these two breeds may due to the genomic diversity.

scholarly journals Repetitive DNA sequences near three humanβ-type globin genes

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 3319-3333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley W. Coggins ◽  
G.Joan Grindlay ◽  
J.Keith Vass ◽  
Alison A. Slater ◽  
Paul Montague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
Globin Genes

scholarly journals Effect of sizing agent on interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced PMMA composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2097865
Author(s):  
Li Jian
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Before And After ◽  
C Value ◽  
Interlayer Shear Strength ◽  
Pmma Resin

The surface treatment of carbon fibers (CFs) was carried out using a self-synthesized sizing agent. The effects of sizing agent on the surface of CFs and the interface properties of CF/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites were mainly studied. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and static contact angle were used to compare and study the CFs before and after the surface treatment, including surface morphology, surface chemical element composition, and wettability of the surface. The influence of sizing agent on the mechanical properties of CF/PMMA resin composite interface was investigated. The results show that after sizing treatment, the CF surface O/C value increased by 35.1% and the contact angles of CF and resin decreased by 16.2%. The interfacial shear strength and interlayer shear strength increased by 12.6%.

scholarly journals Investigation of Feller-Buncher Performance Using Weibull Distribution

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Ebru Bilici
Keyword(s):  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
B Value ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Timber Volume ◽  
C Value ◽  
The Right

With the advancement of technology in forestry, the utilization of advanced machines in forest operations has been increasing in the last decades. Due to their high operating costs, it is crucial to select the right machinery, which is mostly done by using productivity analysis. In this study, a productivity estimation model was developed in order to determine the timber volume cut per unit time for a feller-buncher. The Weibull distribution method was used to develop the productivity model. In the study, the model of the theoretical (estimated) volume distributions obtained with the Weibull probability density function was generated. It was found that the c value was 1.96 and the b value was 0.58 (i.e., b is the scale parameter, and c is the shape parameter). The model indicated that the frequency of the volume data had moved away from 0 as the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution increased. Thus, it was revealed that the shape parameter gives preliminary information about the distribution of the volume frequency. The consistency of the measured timber volume with the estimated timber volume strongly indicated that this approach can be effectively used by decision makers as a key tool to predict the productivity of a feller-buncher used in harvesting operations.

scholarly journals Natural Dyeing of Cellulose and Protein Fibers with the Flower Extract of Spartium junceum L. Plant

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4091
Author(s):  
Zorana Kovačević ◽  
Ana Sutlović ◽  
Ana Matin ◽  
Sandra Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Protein Fibers ◽  
Wool Sample ◽  
C Value ◽  
Total Difference ◽  
Spartium Junceum

In this study, the natural dye was extracted from Spartium junceum L. (SJL) flowers and applied on cellulose (cotton) and protein (wool) fabric. Fabrics were pre-mordant with alum prior to the dyeing process. Considering the global requirements on zero waste and green policy, the dyeing process was intended to be as much as possible environmentally friendly but still effective. Therefore, mordant concentration was optimized due to the reduction of the negative impact. The efficiency of the dyeing process was investigated by examination of fabrics’ color characteristics and colorfastness to washing properties. In this paper, we have proved that the extracted dye from Spartium junceum L. is an acidic dye (mordant dye) which is more applicable for the treatment of wool fabrics. In this paper, it was proved that phytochemicals responsible for coloring are part of the flavonoids group. The UV absorption spectra of extracted dye show 4 bands in the region of λmax 224, 268, 308 and 346 nm which are ascribed to bands characteristic for flavonoids. Wool fabric pre-mordant with 3% alum and dyed shows great chromatic (C*) properties where C* value is in a range from 47.76 for unwashed samples to 47.50 for samples after 5 washing cycles and color hue (h°) is in a range 82.13 for unwashed samples to 81.52 for samples after 5 washing cycles. The best result regarding the colorfastness properties is shown by the wool sample treated with 3% alum after 5 washing cycles (total difference in color (Delta E*) = 0.87). These results confirm that metal (Al) from alum mordant make strong chemical bonds with wool substrate and dye since Delta E* values decrease in comparison to Delta E* values of the cotton samples treated the same way. The results revealed it is possible to reduce the concentration of mordant up to 3% and obtain satisfactory results regarding the colorfastness. Nevertheless, future research will go in the direction of replacing synthetic mordant with a more environmentally friendly one.

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