The breakdown and decomposition of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaf litter in two deciduous woodland soils

Oecologia ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Deciduous Woodland ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

scholarly journals GC-MS and SPME Techniques Highlighted Contrasting Chemical Behaviour in the Water Extractives of Modified Castanea sativa Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Marisabel Mecca ◽  
Luigi Todaro ◽  
Valentina Lo Giudice ◽  
Teresa Lovaglio ◽  
Maurizio D’Auria
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are wood species largely present in the European forest area. The composition and relative variation of the secondary metabolites of chestnut and European beech wood under thermal effect is a little-explored area. The wood material was thermally modified at 170 °C for 3 h using a thermo-vacuum technology. Raw and modified wood extracts were obtained with aqueous extraction techniques in an autoclave, subsequently lyophilized, solubilized in ethyl acetate, and determined by Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analyses (GC-MS). In addition, the volatile compounds were determined by Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) analyses. As a general statement, the extraction in an autoclave produced a higher number of compounds in the modified chestnut and beech wood compared to unmodified wood material. Beech wood showed low degradation in the compounds after modification. Notably, squalene and ar-tumerone were the main bioactive compounds present in beech wood extractives. Chestnut, conversely, showed a greater degradation after thermo-modification. However, a reduction in chemical compounds in the modified samples was also observed. In this case, the main biologically active compounds detected only in the chestnut control samples were apocynin and ar-tumerone. The recovery of this residual wood material, before energy consumption, could provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly means of obtaining natural chemicals suitable for various industrial applications.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea Sativa Mill.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Alhinho ◽  
Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos ◽  
Sofia Alves ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Leonor Morais-Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Female Flowers

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

scholarly journals Biocultural diversity of common walnut ( Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 11192-11216
Author(s):  
Paola Pollegioni ◽  
Stefano Del Lungo ◽  
Ruth Müller ◽  
Keith E. Woeste ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Common Walnut

scholarly journals Hydrolyzable Tannins from Sweet Chestnut Fractions Obtained by a Sustainable and Eco-friendly Industrial Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Campo ◽  
Patrizia Pinelli ◽  
Annalisa Romani
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Test Range ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extracts, rich in Hydrolyzable Tannins (HTs), are traditionally used in the tanning and textile industries, but recent studies suggest additional uses. The aim of this work is the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS characterization of Sweet Chestnut aqueous extracts and fractions obtained through a membrane separation technology system without using other solvents, and the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiradical activities. Total tannins range between 2.7 and 138.4 mM; gallic acid ranges between 6% and 100%; castalagin and vescalagin range between 0% and 40%. Gallic Acid Equivalents, measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu test, range between 0.067 and 56.99g/100g extract weight; ORAC test results for the marketed fractions are 450.4 and 3050 μmol/g Trolox Equivalents/extract weight. EC50 values, measured with the DPPH test, range between 0.444 and 2.399 μM. These results suggest a new ecofriendly and economically sustainable method for obtaining chestnut fractions with differentiated, stable and reproducible chemical compositions. Such fractions can be marketed for innovative uses in several sectors.

scholarly journals Laboratory germination testing of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) according to ISTA rules

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 469-477
Author(s):  
Damird Drvodelić ◽  
Igor Poljak ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Ivana Zegnal ◽  
Katarina Tumpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja laboratorijske klijavosti i morfoloških značajki klijanaca europskoga pitomoga kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.). Uzorci za istraživanja sakupljeni su u submediteranskom području Hrvatske, a radni uzorak za ispitivanje klijavosti iznosio je 8×25 sjemenki. Sjeme je do ispitivanja klijavosti čuvano tri mjeseca u hladnjaku na temperaturi od 3 °C. Postotak laboratorijske klijavosti utvrđen je prema postotku pravilnih klijanaca koji su normalno proklijali nakon 27 dana ispitivanja. Ispitivanje je provedeno u laboratoriju prema uvjetima koje propisuje ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). Izrađen je katalog sa slikama i opisom nepravilnih klijanaca. Na osnovi definiranih kodova nepravilnih klijanaca moguće je preventivno djelovati kako bi se reducirale nepoželjne jedinke. Rezultati ovog istraživanja od velike su koristi za razumijevanje složenoga procesa klijanja sjemena, kako u laboratoriju, tako i šumskim rasadnicima.

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