A systems model for the pupil size effect

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchuan Sun ◽  
William C. Krenz ◽  
Lawrence W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Systems Model

Systems model for pupil size effect

1985 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Krenz ◽  
Lawrence Stark
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Systems Model

scholarly journals Humans’ Pupillary Contagion Extends to Cats and Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Axelsson ◽  
Christine Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Spontaneous Transfer ◽  
Trait Empathy ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Abstract When viewing pupil sizes change, our own pupil sizes change, a phenomenon known as pupillary contagion. This involuntary response is reliable between humans, but can be affected by familiarity and empathy. We investigated whether the pupillary contagion response occurs for humans viewing familiar species – cats and dogs – and whether it is modulated by preferences for particular species. Pupil sizes were measured while viewing cat, dog, and human images with small, medium, and large pupils. Trait empathy, cat and dog affiliation and experience were subsequently measured. There was an image pupil size effect, but this did not vary by species. There was greater pupil size change to cats and dogs than to humans, but this might have been due to the varying size and appearance of the cats and dogs. Greater dog affiliation was also associated with smaller overall pupil size change to dogs and larger change to humans, but this did not interact with image pupil size. Dog affiliation might be associated with less arousal to dog images. In sum, pupillary contagion responses indicate a spontaneous transfer of information about internal states and the findings suggest that humans are sensitive to this across species, regardless of individual preference.

Neuronal population model for the pupil-size effect

1984 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Krenz ◽  
Lawrence Stark
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Neuronal Population

Dynamic pupillary response controlled by the pupil size effect

1983 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchuan Sun ◽  
Pamela Tauchi ◽  
Lawrence Stark
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pupillary Response

How Socially Relevant Visual Characteristics of Avatars Influence Impression Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weibel ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Bartholomäus Wissmath ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Frontal View ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Blink Frequency

Like in the real world, the first impression a person leaves in a computer-mediated environment depends on his or her online appearance. The present study manipulates an avatar’s pupil size, eyeblink frequency, and the viewing angle to investigate whether nonverbal visual characteristics are responsible for the impression made. We assessed how participants (N = 56) evaluate these avatars in terms of different attributes. The findings show that avatars with large pupils and slow eye blink frequency are perceived as more sociable and more attractive. Compared to avatars seen in full frontal view or from above, avatars seen from below were rated as most sociable, self-confident, and attractive. Moreover, avatars’ pupil size and eyeblink frequency escape the viewer’s conscious perception but still influence how people evaluate them. The findings have wide-ranging applied implications for avatar design.

A multivariate dynamic systems model for psychotherapy with more than one client.

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Butner ◽  
Carlene Deits-Lebehn ◽  
Alexander O. Crenshaw ◽  
Travis J. Wiltshire ◽  
Nicholas S. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Model
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