Re-examination of a linear systems approach to the behavior of mammalian muscle spindles

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Daunicht
Keyword(s):  
Linear Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Mammalian Muscle

Linear systems approach to describing and classifying Fano resonances

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Avrutsky ◽  
R. Gibson ◽  
J. Sears ◽  
G. Khitrova ◽  
H. M. Gibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Fano Resonances

Responses of primary and secondary endings of isolated mammalian muscle spindles to sinusoidal length changes

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Hunt ◽  
D. Ottoson
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Activity ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Length Changes

1. Responses of primary and secondary endings of isolated cat spindles to sinusoidal length changes have been recorded before and after block of impulse activity by tetrodotoxin. 2. Primary endings may discharge with each cycle of sinusoidal stretch at 25-50 Hz, with stretch amplitudes applied to the spindle poles as small as 1 micron. Thresholds are higher at lower frequencies. 3. In primary endings, amplitude of the receptor potential varies with frequency and magnitude of sinusoidal stretch. At a given stretch amplitude, the receptor-potential response increases markedly between 1 and 10 Hz. At a fixed frequency, for example, at Hz, the response to graded amplitude of sinusoidal stretch is highly nonlinear, sensitivity decreasing with large amplitudes. 4. Secondary endings show a much higher threshold than primary endings to sinusoidal stretch. Thus, at 25 Hz, secondary endings required stretch amplitudes of 50-100 micron to evoke discharge. Relatively large amplitudes of stretch were also required to evoked detectable receptor potentials. Over the range studied, the receptor potential varied more linearly with stretch amplitude in secondary than in primary endings.

Linear systems approach to simulation of optical diffraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (34) ◽  
pp. 7933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Lambert ◽  
Donald Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Linear Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Optical Diffraction

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems Using a Switched Linear Systems Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2101-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. F. Donkers ◽  
W. P. M. H. Heemels ◽  
Nathan van de Wouw ◽  
Laurentiu Hetel
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Networked Control Systems ◽  
Networked Control ◽  
Switched Linear Systems

Localization of normal and reinnervated mammalian muscle spindles for microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark De Santis ◽  
William O. Whetsell ◽  
Karen Francis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Mammalian Muscle

Initial burst of primary endings of isolated mammalian muscle spindles

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Hunt ◽  
D. Ottoson
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Initial Component ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Initial Burst ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Early Rise

The initial burst has been studied in primary endings of isolated mammalian muscle spindles subject to controlled ramp-and-hold stretch. Near the onset of ramp stretch the primary ending discharges at a frequency dependent on stretch velocity. The initial burst is reduced or abolished by repetitive stretch. After block of impulse activity by tetrodotoxin, the receptor potential of primary endings shows an initial component, a rapid depolarization which occurs near the onset of ramp stretch at the same time as the initial burst. This initial component depends, in rate of rise and amplitude, on stretch velocity. It is also reduced or abolished by repetitive stretch. Recording of tension development by the isolated spindle in response to ramp-and-hold stretch shows an early rise in tension associated with the initial burst and the initial component of the receptor potential. This tension rise is also dependent on stretch velocity and is reduced or abolished by repetitive stretch. The results provide direct evidence that the initial burst results from mechanical factors, probably from cross bridge formation between thick and thin filaments as has been suggested (3).

Prolonged Changes in the Discharge of Mammalian Muscle Spindles Following Tendon Taps or Muscle Twitches.

1959 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAGNAR GRANIT ◽  
SABURO HOMMA ◽  
PETER B. C. MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Mammalian Muscle

scholarly journals THE LINEAR SYSTEMS APPROACH TO LINEAR RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS MODELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid M. Al-Sadoon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Systems ◽  
Representation Theorem ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View

This paper considers linear rational expectations models from the linear systems point of view. Using a generalization of the Wiener-Hopf factorization, the linear systems approach is able to furnish very simple conditions for existence and uniqueness of both particular and generic linear rational expectations models. To illustrate the applicability of this approach, the paper characterizes the structure of stationary and cointegrated solutions, including a generalization of Granger’s representation theorem.

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