Autoradiographic study of RNA synthesis in isolated cells in culture from chick embryo spinal ganglia

1970 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sensenbrenner ◽  
J. Treska-Ciesielski ◽  
Z. Lodin ◽  
P. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture

scholarly journals Accelerated rates of ribosomal RNA synthesis during growth of contracting heart cells in culture

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (30) ◽  
pp. 18220-18227
Author(s):  
P J McDermott ◽  
L I Rothblum ◽  
S D Smith ◽  
H E Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Contracting Heart

Analyse des Vermehrungsmechanismus des Newcastle disease Virus (NDV) mit Hilfe verschiedener Inhibitoren

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Schäfer ◽  
Liselotte Pister ◽  
Rita Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Chick Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Sensitive Phase ◽  
Antigenic Material ◽  
Structural Antigen

The reproduction of NDV in chick-embryo-fibroblast cultures was studied with 6-Azauridine, 8-Azaguanine, Parafluorophenylalanine (FPA) and Puromycine as inhibitors. The results suggest that no virus initiated FPA-sensitive material is needed for the uncoating of the infecting particles, and that viral parental RNA is able to induce the formation of protein (s) needed for viral RNA-synthesis (“RNA-protein“) as well as the production of viral structural antigen (s). Further antigenic material appears after the beginning of new viral RNA-synthesis. The “RNA-protein (s)“become (s) detectable between 2 and 3 hours after infection and is (are) stable in its function over several hours. According to the formation of viral antigenic material parental viral RNA can act as a messenger longer than 9 hours. The capacity for the production of hemagglutinating units appears after the viral antigen producing capacity, when viral RNA can already be synthesized. This capacity is separated from that to produce plaque forming particles by a FPA-sensitive phase. The character of the corresponding FPA-sensititve material is unknown.

Contact behaviour during the reassociation of dissociated epithelial cells in primary culture

1987 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
R.M. Brown ◽  
C.A. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Contact Behaviour

The behaviour in culture of dissociated epithelial cells from chick embryo pigmented retina epithelium (PRE), corneal epithelium (CE) and epidermis has been studied using time-lapse cinematography. The analysis concentrated on the contact behaviour of 60 previously isolated cells of each type during a 24 h period starting 3.5 h after the cells were plated out. During the period analysed the number of isolated cells in cultures of all three types gradually decreased as they became incorporated into islands and sheets of cells. However, there were significant differences in behaviour between the cell types during the establishment of these sheets and islands. In PRE cell cultures, islands of cells developed because, throughout the period of analysis, collisions involving previously isolated cells almost invariably resulted in the development of a stable contact. Once having established contact with another cell these cells rarely broke away again to become reisolated. In contrast the contacts formed between colliding CE and epidermal cells were, at least initially, much less stable and cells of both these types were frequently seen to break away and become reisolated after colliding with other cells. Sheets and islands of cells eventually developed in these cultures because the frequency with which isolated cells become reisolated decreased with increasing time in culture. The possible reasons underlying the different behaviour of PRE cells, when compared with that of CE and epidermal cells, are discussed. It is suggested that the decreasing tendency of isolated CE and epidermal cells to become reisolated may be related to the formation of desmosomes.

scholarly journals Effect of cortisol acetate on collagen biosynthesis and on the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase in chick-embryo tendon cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oikarinen
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Lysyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Tendon Cells

Collagen synthesis and the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase were studied in isolated chick-embryo tendon cells after the administration of cortisol acetate to the chick embryos. When the steroid was injected 1 day before isolation of the tendon cells, collagen synthesis was decreased, even though the enzyme activities were not changed. When cortisol acetate was given as repeated injections over a period of 4 days, both collagen synthesis and the enzyme activities decreased. The hydroxylase activities decreased even more than the two collagen glycosyltransferase activities, both in isolated cells and in whole chick embryos. The amount of prolyl hydroxylase protein diminished to the same extent as the enzyme activity, indicating that cortisol acetate inhibits enzyme synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cortisol acetate on collagen synthesis and on the enzyme activities was partially reversible in 3 days. Total protein synthesis was completely restored within this time. Only massive doses of cortisol acetate inhibited collagen synthesis in vitro. Additional experiments indicated that cortisol acetate did not decrease the rate of the enzyme reactions when added directly to the enzyme incubation mixtures. The results suggest that cortisol acetate decreases collagen synthesis both by its direct effect on collagen polypeptide-chain synthesis and by decreasing the activities of enzymes involved in post-translational modifications.

The in vitro effect of the nerve growth factor on chick embryo spinal ganglia—a light-microscopic evaluation

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392
Author(s):  
Peddrick Weis
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Vitro Effect

The effect of the nerve growth factor (NGF) on chick embryo spinal ganglia was studied in the hanging-drop bioassay system by comparison with parallel development in vivo. The well-differentiated ventrolateral neuroblasts, which in vivo increase 1·33 times in size during the culture period, did not increase in size at all in vitro. Only 65–72% survived to the end of the culture period regardless of the NGF concentration. The less-differentiated mediodorsal (M-D) neuroblasts, which in vivo increase 1·31 times in size during the culture period, were found to increase equally in vitro if sufficient NGF was present. Such a quantity was greater than that which evoked maximum outgrowth of neurites. Survival of M-D neuroblasts was also related to NGF concentration but did not equal the in vivo condition even at the highest concentration. The hyperchromatic type of degeneration prevented by high NGF concentrations is that which results in vivo from insufficient peripheral field. From this and other reports it would appear that the response to NGF seen in vitro is due only to the M-D neuroblasts, and that all biochemical and cytological observations which have been reported would therefore represent conditions within those cells only.

The appearance and quantitation of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid in the early chick embryo

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
C. C. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Precursor Pool ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Labelling Experiment ◽  
Neurula Stage

This paper seeks to extend our knowledge about RNA synthesis in early embryogenesis to the domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus. Using this species for research, apart from increasing our knowledge of higher vertebrate embryology, has certain advantages such as rapid uptake of isotopic precursors and ease of microdissection in culture. The following results are presented: (1) The cell number in the whole chick embryos is shown to be increasing logarithmically between the time of laying and the early neurula stage; with a doubling time of 7·4 h. (2) The onset of ribosomal RNA synthesis has been shown to be during mid-cleavage of the chick embryo, while development is taking place in the oviduct and uterus of the mother. (3) In a cumulative labelling experiment, embryos were labelled at the unincubated-egg stage, allowed to develop to various morphological stages up to neurulation, and their cytoplasmic RNA prepared and analysed by gel electrophoresis. (4) The specific activity of the precursor pool for RNA synthesis was measured at several stages, using the same labelling conditions, and the results were used to quantitate the RNA synthesis from the incorporated radioactivity. (5) Using these techniques, it was found that newly synthesized cytoplasmic RNA accumulates steadily in the whole chick embryo, reaching a level of 104 μg by the early neurula stage. On a per cell basis, however, the amount of newly synthesized cytoplasmic RNA seems to decrease slightly. These findings are discussed in the light of present knowledge about embryos of other vertebrates and certain invertebrates.

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