A comparison of soil and microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents, and macro-aggregate stability of a soil under native forest and after clearance for pastures and plantation forest

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Sparling ◽  
P. B. S. Hart ◽  
J. A. August ◽  
D. M. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Microbial Carbon

scholarly journals Effects of land cover type on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Canterbury foothills, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Berndt ◽  
Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Background: Land cover changes during the recent history of New Zealand have had a major impact on its largely endemic and iconic biodiversity. As in many other countries, large areas of native forest have been replaced by other land cover and are now in exotic pasture grassland or plantation forest. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are often used as ecological indicators, they provide ecosystem services such as pest control, and some species are endangered. However, few studies in New Zealand have assessed the habitat value for carabid beetles of natural forest, managed regenerating natural forest, pine plantation forest and pasture. Methods: We compared the carabid beetle assemblages of natural forest of Nothofagus solandri var solandri (also known as Fuscospora solandri or black beech), regenerating N. solandri forest managed for timber production, exotic pine plantation forest and exotic pasture, using pitfall traps. The study was conducted at Woodside Forest in the foothills of the Southern Alps, North Canterbury, New Zealand, close to an area where the critically endangered carabid Holcaspis brevicula was found. Results: A total of 1192 carabid individuals from 23 species were caught during the study. All but two species were native to New Zealand, with the exotic species present only in low numbers and one of these only in the pasture habitat. Carabid relative abundance and the number of species was highest in the pine plantation, where a total of 15 species were caught; however, rarefied species richness did not differ significantly between habitats. The sampled carabid beetle assemblages were similar across the three forested habitat types but differed significantly from the pasture assemblages based on unconstrained and canonical analyses of principal coordinates. Holcaspis brevicula was not detected in this area. Conclusions: Our results show that managed or exotic habitats may provide habitat to species-rich carabid assemblages although some native species occur only in natural, undisturbed vegetation. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the potential contribution of these land uses and land cover types to the conservation of native biodiversity and to consider how these can be managed to maximise conservation opportunities.

scholarly journals Soil aggregation under different management systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1868-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Mascioli Rebello Portella ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Christian Feller ◽  
Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽  
João Tavares Filho
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Considering that the soil aggregation reflects the interaction of chemical, physical and biological soil factors, the aim of this study was evaluate alterations in aggregation, in an Oxisol under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), since over 20 years, using as reference a native forest soil in natural state. After analysis of the soil profile (cultural profile) in areas under forest management, samples were collected from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm, with six repetitions. These samples were analyzed for the aggregate stability index (ASI), mean weighted diameter (MWD), mean geometric diameter (MGD) in the classes > 8, 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25, and < 0.25 mm, and for physical properties (soil texture, water dispersible clay (WDC), flocculation index (FI) and bulk density (Bd)) and chemical properties (total organic carbon - COT, total nitrogen - N, exchangeable calcium - Ca2+, and pH). The results indicated that more intense soil preparation (M < NT < PC) resulted in a decrease in soil stability, confirmed by all stability indicators analyzed: MWD, MGD, ASI, aggregate class distribution, WDC and FI, indicating the validity of these indicators in aggregation analyses of the studied soil.

scholarly journals Accumulation of glomalin-related soil protein benefits to soil carbon sequestration with tropical coastal forest restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Lingling Ma ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
Zhanfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Protein

Reforestation is widely used to restore degraded infertile soils in the coastal area. Substantial attention has been paid to the functioning of AMF in vegetation restoration because arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered beneficial to this process. However, little is known about the effect of AMF product, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration during the forest restoration. We conducted a study in a tropical region where the native forest has been seriously deforested with only a few grasses and then a series of restoration approaches have been made to restore the forest ecosystem. The study sites include a barren land (BL), a Eucalyptus exserta planted forest (EF), a mixed broadleaved forest (MF) and a secondary natural forest (SF), which represents the un-, early-, middle- and late-restoration stage, respectively. The results showed that the restoration increased EE-GRSP and T-GRSP by 3.9-12.3 times and 1.9-4.6 times compared with the barren land, respectively. The proportion of GRSP in SOC is 1.6-2.0% (EE-GRSP/SOC) and 6.5-15.8% (T-GRSP/SOC), respectively. Also, a significantly positive relationship was found between the proportion of GRSP in SOC and recalcitrant SOC composition percentage (aromatic C), as well as between GRSP and soil aggregate stability. These results together suggest that the restoration of the degraded tropical forest is beneficial to soil C sequestration with the accumulation of GRSP, most likely, through an improvement of the soil aggregate stability and increase of the proportion of recalcitrant soil C chemical composition.

scholarly journals Habitat occupancy of the Dusky-legged Guan in the lower delta of the Paraná River, Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVINA L. MALZOF ◽  
MARIA L. BOLKOVIC ◽  
JEFFREY J. THOMPSON ◽  
RUBEN D. QUINTANA
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Occupancy Modelling ◽  
Parana River

SummaryThe Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura is the southernmost species of the family Cracidae, reaching its southern distributional limit in the delta of the Paraná River. Habitat loss, together with uncontrolled harvest, has led to local-scale decreases or extirpation of the species, but no quantitative evaluation of habitat preferences has been made. We surveyed Dusky-legged Guans in the Delta del Paraná Biosphere Reserve, Argentina, by motorboat along 543.9 km of nine waterways during both January and July 2009 and used occupancy modelling to estimate habitat and seasonal effects on occupancy. Detectability was 21–22% on average and occupancy estimates were highly variable within habitats, but highest in secondary forest, followed by mature plantation, and lowest in occupied residences. There were no significant differences in occupancy or detectability among habitats or seasonally. There was a strong positive effect of length of riparian habitat segments on occupancy and detectability. Habitat management efforts should address increasing the suitability of mature plantation forest for guans by increasing their similarity to native forest in structure and composition. Furthermore, we illustrate that surveys by boat can be logistically effective for surveying cracids associated with riverine habitats and that it is important to account for incomplete detectability since in our case failing to do so would have underestimated occupancy by 78–79% on average. Given this, the use of commonly accepted methodologies for surveying cracids that do not account for incomplete detectability should be reconsidered and methodologies that can produce robust, reliable estimates applied.

scholarly journals Carbon and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles in native forest and horticultural areas in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Tatiana Suzin Lazeris ◽  
Jéssica Pereira de Souza ◽  
Fabiane Machado Vezzan ◽  
Caroline Lima de Matos ◽  
Glaciela Kaschuk
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial

This study was carried out to understand the dynamics of carbon and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles in native forest and horticultural areas. Soilsamples were collected from native forest and horticultural areas, in four municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil, and evaluated for: carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of soil microbial biomass (MBC, MBN and MBP, respectively), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (iP), organic phosphorus (oP) and available phosphorus (aP. Soil suspensions diluted at 10-4were spread on plates and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were counted. The analyses showed that horticultural areas soils accumulated 43% more TP whereas they lost 23% of TOC and 19% of TN comparing to native areas. 69% of TP in the native areas was organic (oP) whereas 59% of TP in the horticultural areas was inorganic (iP). Horticultural areas had lower numbers of colony forming unities of PSB than native areas. PSB was positively correlated with the ratio of MBC to TOC (qMic), which in turn, was negatively correlated with TOC and TN. Changes in the soil P fractions suggested a shift inthe soil community bacterial structure and in the values of soil microbial biomass of the two different soil ecosystems. The excessive P addition may stimulate soil microbial attack to soil organic matter reserves, whichmay have consequences for maintenance of soil quality and agriculture sustainability

scholarly journals Two Cycad Species Affect the Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Content of Soils

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Michael Calonje
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Pisonia Grandis

The influences of Cycas micronesica and Zamia integrifolia plants on soil chemistry were determined in Tinian and Florida in order to more fully understand how cycad plants affect the environments in which they grow. The introduction of C. micronesica plants into a karst habitat generated decreases in soil phosphorus after five years and increases in soil nitrogen after six years. The carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry beneath the cycad plants significantly diverged from those of the adjacent native forests with Pisonia grandis, Psychotria mariana, Aglaia mariannensis, Cynometra ramiflora, and Ficus sp. cover after five years. Mineralization traits were determined beneath nine-year-old C. micronesica plants and revealed the plants greatly increased net nitrification and decreased net ammonification when compared to the native forest soils with Bursera simaruba, Pinus elliottii, and Quercus virginiana cover. These flux changes increased the total available nitrogen and percent available nitrogen in the soils beneath the cycad plants. The substrates of two soil series exhibited increased carbon and nitrogen concentrations beneath Z. integrifolia plants when compared with soils away from the cycad plants. No other mineral or metal was influenced by proximity to the Z. integrifolia plants. These gymnosperms exhibit distinct interactions with their subtending soils, and some of these traits improve ecosystems by increasing recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen and increasing spatial heterogeneity of soil chemistry.

scholarly journals Carbon storage in soil and aggregates of Inceptisols under different land use management systems in southern Amazonas

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Marcelo Dayron Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Mailson Ferreira Nascimento ◽  
Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Amazonas State

Land use and management systems are factors that can influence carbon stock and its aggregate stability. This study assessed the carbon stock and aggregate stability of Inceptisols under different land use and management systems. The study was conducted on five properties located in the southern region of Amazonas state. Five areas were selected with different traditional land use systems (agroforestry, cassava, sugarcane, pasture and native forest). On each site, grids of 50 m x 50 m, with regular spacing of 10 by 10 meters were outlined for a sampling of 36 points in each mesh at a depth 0.00-0.10 m. We determined the bulk density, aggregate stability, total organic carbon and carbon stock. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. We found that the highest values of carbon stocks were found in areas under sugar cane and pasture, followed by the areas under cassava, agroforestry and native forest. Carbon stocks and aggregate stability were significantly altered by land use management systems.

scholarly journals Soil microbial biomass under mulch types in an integrated apple orchard from Southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denice de Oliveira Almeida ◽  
Osmar Klauberg Filho ◽  
Henrique Cesar Almeida ◽  
Luciano Gebler ◽  
Aline Franciane Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Carbon ◽  
Black Plastic

The use of mulching is an alternative to control weeds but there are few studies on its effect on soil quality. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of types of mulching on the attributes of microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a Typic Hapludox with production of integrated apples in southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in the Vacaria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The soil mulch types studied were: pine needle, sawdust, black plastic and a control. The soil samples were collected in February (summer) and August (winter) of 2006, and the attributes related to total organic and microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were determined. Organic mulchings (pine needle and sawdust) promoted lower soil temperature, and greater moisture, microbial carbon (Cmic), microbial nitrogen (Nmic), and the ratios Cmic:Corg, Nmic:Norg and microbial C:N than black plastic. Microbial phosphorus was greater in winter. Sawdust mulching promoted the best conditions to microbial biomass in winter. The mulch types increased the microbial compartment in winter as compared to the nonweeded control .

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