Earthworms and enchytraeids in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems: A biocide approach to assess their role in organic matter breakdown

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Parmelee ◽  
M. H. Beare ◽  
W. Cheng ◽  
P. F. Hendrix ◽  
S. J. Rider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic Matter Breakdown

Chemical composition of cover crops and soil organic matter pools in no‐tillage systems in the Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Luana Ramos Passos Ribeiro ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Alexsandra Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Karina Pulrolnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems

scholarly journals Soil Aggregates and Associated Organic Matter under Conventional Tillage, No-Tillage, and Forest Succession after Three Decades

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e84988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Devine ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Paul Hendrix ◽  
David Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage

scholarly journals Effect of no tillage on the physico-chemical properties of soils of the El Koudia region, Rabat (Morocco)

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Hassnae Maher ◽  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Abdelmjid Zouahri ◽  
Ahmed Douaik ◽  
Houria Dakak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

In Morocco, agriculture is an important sector of the economy, accounting for 15 to 20% of Gross Domestic Product. However, it has faced several challenges: intensive tillage of land that has accelerated water erosion, seriously threatening water and soil potential, low plant cover density and misuse of traditional agricultural practices, causing a decrease in organic matter levels and destroying aggregate stability. Climate change is making water and soil management in agriculture more and more complicated. The major challenge for Moroccan agriculture is to increase agricultural production while preserving natural resources. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of no tillage (NT) on the physico- chemical properties of soil in the El Koudia experimental station, Rabat, Morocco. The crop is durum wheat, Arrehane variety. Soil samples are pre-dried, ground and screened to 0.2mm for organic matter (OM) analysis and 2mm for the remainder of the analyses. Plugs, canned, are then sintered, screened and dried for structural stability tests. The results show that no tillage (NT) favours the accumulation of surface OM, particularly at the 0-5cm horizon unlike conventional tillage (CT). The NT promotes structural stability, with a mean weight diameter (MWD) = 0.94mm for the NT compared to 0.83mm for the CT. These results show that soils ploughed in CT are more exposed to erosion degradation than soils not ploughed (NT). In addition, NT preserves soil moisture and promotes additional water retention of 5 to 10%.

Plant and animal constraints to voluntary feed intake associated with fibre characteristics and particle breakdown and passage in ruminants

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
PM Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Breakdown

Effects of artificial shading to 50% sunlight of nitrogen (N) limited tropical pastures of different grass species on a high (clay loam) and low (granitic loam) fertility soil type were evaluated in a semi-arid. subtropical environment over 3 years. The hypothesis was tested that shade can stimulate shoot growth by providing a modified environment more conducive to organic matter breakdown leading to increased mineralisation and availability of soil N, and the ability of tropical grasses to take advantage of this effect was examined. Unfertilised pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume), buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris). rhodes (Chloris gayana), and speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) in full sun or shaded by sarlon cloth were sampled on 9 occasions. Additional green panic plots on both soils were irrigated for the first 2 years, and all other plots were dependent on natural rainfall. Shoot and root dry matter and N yield, and soil nitrate and ammonia N, were measured. In one set of green panic plots on each soil, canopy. litter, and surface soil temperatures were monitored continuously, and soil moisture at different depths was measured fortnightly. Shade stimulated shoot dry matter yield over the 3 years by up to 37% in green panic. 22% in rhodes, and 9% in speargrass. Shade decreased buffel yield on the clay soil but had no effect on the granitic soil. Relative increases in yield of shoot N were similar to those for shoot dry matter, except for buffel on the granitic soil where N yield was increased by 39% with no increase in shoot growth. Positive shade responses occurred in all 3 years but were reduced by extreme drought in year 3, particularly on the clay soil. Irrigation gave a greater shade response on the clay but not on the granitic soil. Root mass was lower under shade than in full sun. but there was no long-term trend of progressive decrease. and the change in N yield of roots did not appear to explain the gain in shoot N of the shaded pastures. Nitrogen percentage in the youngest expanded leaf was higher in the shade than the sun leaves only after about 2 to 2 5 months of shading. Surface soil nitrate and ammonia concentrations tended to be higher under shade for most harvests. Shade lowered temperature extremes of surface soil and litter by up to 10-12�C, and improved soil water status. compared with the sun plots. Soil water data were analysed to separate effects on plant water stress and soil microbial activity. The consistent positive response of shoot N yield to shade across grass species. weeds, and soil type. the delay in it becoming evident, and its longevity all support the hypothesis that shade enhances organic matter breakdown and N cycling. Harsh surface temperatures and low soil moisture in open sun pastures appear inimical to high microbial activity. Implications for pasture management are discussed. with the caveat that the outlined benefits of artificial shade may not necessarily arise with tree canopies.

Crop type influences soil aggregation and organic matter under no-tillage

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio dos Reis Martins ◽  
José Eduardo Corá ◽  
Ricardo Falqueto Jorge ◽  
Adolfo Valente Marcelo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crop Type

scholarly journals Structural changes and degradation of Red Latosols under different management systems for 20 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo ◽  
Wesley Machado ◽  
Bruno Vieira Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Structural Units

Soils are the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and their role in food production is fundamental, although physical degradation has been observed in recent years, caused by different cultural practices that modify structures and consequently the functioning of soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible structural changes and degradation in an Oxisol under different managements for 20 years: no-tillage cultivation with and without crop rotation, perennial crop and conventional tillage, plus a forested area (reference). Initially, the crop profile was described and subsequently, 10 samples per management system and forest soil were collected to quantify soil organic matter, flocculation degree, bulk density, and macroporosity. The results indicated structural changes down to a soil depth of 50 cm, with predominance of structural units ∆μ (intermediate compaction level) under perennial crop and no-tillage crop rotation, and of structural units ∆ (compacted) under conventional tillage and no-tillage. The soil was increasingly degraded in the increasing order: forest => no-tillage crop rotation => perennial crop => no-tillage without crop rotation => conventional tillage. In all managements, the values of organic matter and macroporosity were always below and bulk density always above those of the reference area (forest) and, under no-tillage crop rotation and perennial crop, the flocculation degree was proportionally equal to that of the reference area.

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