Trophic links, nutrient fluxes, and natural history in the Allium ursinum food web, with particular reference to life history traits of two hoverfly herbivores (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Oecologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Hövemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Allium Ursinum ◽  
Trophic Links

A revision of Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, and a comparison with other large Madagascan stream frogs (Anura: Mantellidae: Mantellinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1105 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCO ANDREONE ◽  
RONALD A. NUSSBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
First Time

We revise two stream frogs, Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, providing data on its known distribution and life history traits, based upon observations in nature. For M. microtis we show for the first time photographs of the live individuals, while for M. microtympanum we also describe its putative tadpoles. The transfer of microtis from Boophis to Mantidactylus is formally justified by morphological and ecological traits, e.g., the lack of nuptial pads, the torrenticolous life style and the low number of eggs. Mantidactylus microtis shares some characters with M. microtympanum: distribution (both live in south-eastern Madagascar), natural history (both are stream frogs), morphology (wide digital expansions, lack of femoral glands, presence of a mostly unforked omosternum, cryptic dorsal colouration, small tympanum, and presence of a derived cloacal structure). Mantidactylus microtympanum differs from the species of the subgenus Mantidactylus (M. grandidieri and M. guttulatus), to which it was so far ascribed, for the lack (vs. presence) of femoral glands, and presence of expanded (vs. moderately expanded) fingertips. Whether M. microtis and M. microtympanum are phylogenetically related, or their overall similarity is due to convergence, is discussed.

scholarly journals Life history and distribution of the Arctic pseudoscorpion, Wyochernes asiaticus (Chernetidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Buddle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
Habitat Affinities

The Pseudoscorpiones are a remarkable yet understudied order of arachnids. The northernmost species in North America, Wyochernes asiaticus (family Chernetidae), occurs under rocks beside rivers or creeks and can be found above the Arctic Circle in Canada. In North America, the species is limited to the northwest, although its global distribution includes parts of Asia. It is presumably a Beringian species with quite specialized habitat affinities. I report on some life history traits of this species, based on examination of nearly 600 specimens from 16 localities in the Yukon and Northwest Territories. All life stages were collected. Of the females, 17% were carrying brood sacs, with an average of 10.5 eggs per brood sac; larger females tended to have larger clutch sizes. Despite these data on the natural history and distribution of W. asiaticus, its phylogeographic history and how the species feeds, disperses, and recolonizes habitats after flooding remain largely unknown.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

Life History Traits in a Population of Pelobates syriacus (Boettger, 1889) from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ufuk Bülbül ◽  
Halime Koç ◽  
Yasemin Odabaş ◽  
Ali İhsan Eroğlu ◽  
Muammer Kurnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Males And Females

Age structure of the eastern spadefoot toad, Pelobates syriacus from the Kızılırmak Delta (Turkey) were assessed using phalangeal skeletochronology. Snout-vent length (SVL) ranged from 42.05 to 86.63 mm in males and 34.03 to 53.27 mm in females. Age of adults ranged from 2 to 8 years in males and 3 to 5 years in females. For both sexes, SVL was significantly correlated with age. Males and females of the toads reached maturity at 2 years of age.

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

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