The mitotic chromosomes of Notophthalmus (=Triturus) viridescens: Localization of C banding regions and DNA sequences complementary to 18S, 28S and 5S ribosomal RNA

Chromosoma ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hutchison ◽  
M. L. Pardue
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
C Banding

scholarly journals Chromosomal characterization and physical mapping of the 5S and the 18S-5.8S-25S ribosomal DNA in Helianthus argophyllus, with new data from Helianthus annuus

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Cuéllar ◽  
J Orellana ◽  
E Belhassen ◽  
J L Bella
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Introgression Breeding ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Secondary Constrictions

The characterization of the mitotic chromosomes of Helianthus argophyllus by means of Feulgen staining, Giemsa C-banding, and the usual DNA sequence-specific fluorochromes allows a chromosomal classification of this species, and shows that two kinds of heterochromatin co-exist equilocally in its chromosomes. One type is confined to the pericentromeric areas of all the chromosomes and the other is associated with the secondary constrictions of the satellite chromosomes. This species is evolutionarily very close to H. annuus with which it is involved in introgression breeding programs. Since these two species show no intra- or interspecific differences with the above treatments, we have used C-banding followed by DAPI, chromomycin A3 or Acridine Orange, and the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 18S-25S ribosomal DNA probes to characterize further the chromosomes of both species in an attempt to find practically applicable chromosomal markers. Our results confirm the heterogeneity of the heterochromatin in these species and show that neither its distribution nor its response to distinct fluorochrome treatments allows better discrimination of the chromosomes within or between the species. On the other hand, the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA arrays are located in the secondary constrictions of the satellited SM7, SM10, and ST13 pairs and the 5S-rDNA genes are interstitially placed on the short arm of the SM7 and SM11 chromosomes in both species. This permits these chromosomes to be distinguished and provides markers which may be helpful for further physical mapping of DNA sequences in these species.Key words: chromosome banding, sunflower cytogenetics, heterochromatin, ribosomal DNA mapping, FISH.

Orthologous DNA sequence variation among 5S ribosomal RNA gene spacer sequences on homoeologous chromosomes 1B, 1D, and 1R of wheat and rye

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Van Campenhout ◽  
R Aert ◽  
G Volckaert
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Chromosomal Assignment ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequence Variation ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

5S ribosomal gene spacer sequences from the short-spacer arrays of wheat and rye were isolated by PCR. The 29 new DNA sequences displayed noticeable heterogeneity at scattered positions. Nevertheless, based on shared DNA sequence polymorphisms, sequence alignment clearly classified the sequences into three groups. Group-specific primer sets were designed to allow chromosomal assignment by PCR on nullitetrasomic wheat stocks, as well as on wheat-rye translocation and addition lines. The three groups were assigned to orthologous loci 5S-Rrna-B1, 5S-Rrna-D1, and 5S-Rrna-R1 on homoeologous chromosomes 1B, 1D, and 1R, respectively. Hence, group-specific DNA sequence variation could be related to fixed orthologous DNA sequence variation between 5S rRNA multigene families on the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. In addition, members of the three groups showed fixed orthologous length polymorphism. Four sequenced 5S-Rrna-B1 units, however, had a duplication in the gene encoding region and are probably representatives of a nontranscribed subfamily of 5S rDNA repeating units. The observed chromosome-specific polymorphisms among sequences belonging to a multigene family with thousands of copies suggests that this type of polymorphism may exist in many genes and gene families in polyploid wheats. The implication of this finding in relation to the construction of molecular tools for wheat-genome analysis and manipulation is discussed.Key words: 5S ribosomal RNA loci, nontranscribed spacer, chromosome location, PCR markers, wheat-rye translocation.

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN GREEN PLANTS—A COMMENT ON THE USE OF 5S RIBOSOMAL RNA SEQUENCES BY BREMER ET AL.

Taxon ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly P. Steele ◽  
Kent E. Holsinger ◽  
Robert K. Jansen ◽  
David W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Sequences

scholarly journals Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ceriporiopsis (Polyporales) with descriptions of two new species from southern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Kai Cui ◽  
Chang-Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Pore Surface ◽  
Hyphal System ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Dark Orange ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Thin Walled

Phylogenies of Ceriporiopsis and related genera were studied using DNA sequences from the ITS+28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene regions. Two species, Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia and C. semisupina, are described as new to science. Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia is characterized by annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with white pore surface when fresh, turning to apricot-orange to dark orange upon drying, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae encrusted with pale yellow crystals, ellipsoid and thin-walled basidiospores (4–5 ´ 3–3.3 µm), and plenty of pale-yellow to pale-orange oily substances in subiculum and trama. Ceriporiopsis semisupina is distinguished by annual, effused-reflexed basidiocarps with greyish brown to reddish brown pore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae bearing crystalline incrustation, long-clavate basidia, ellipsoid and thin-walled basidiospores (4–4.5 ´ 3–3.3 µm). Like previous study, the phylogenetic analysis presented here also showed that Ceriporiopsis is not monophyletic and the sampled species were grouped in four clades, including phlebia clade, residual polyporoid clade, tyromyces clade and gelatoporia clade.

scholarly journals Is wheat mitochondrial 5S ribosomal RNA prokaryotic in nature?

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 3523-3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Gray ◽  
D.F. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna

The influence of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel J. J. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Sister Chromatids

It is well known that there is a strong influence of fixation, i.e., acetic methanol versus formaldehyde, on the chromosome morphology at stages of the first meiotic division. In this study the influence of both these types of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes was examined in human lymphocytes. After methanol – acetic acid (3:1) fixation, the chromosomes show the "classical" condensed shape in which it is not always possible to recognize the two sister chromatids. These chromosomes are accessible to the conventional G-, R-, and C-banding techniques. After formaldehyde fixation at a relatively high pH, the chromosomes are thinner and longer (two to six times) when compared with chromosomes following methanol – acetic acid fixation. They show a scaffold-like morphology, sometimes with a halo of thin material around it. In all cases the two sister chromatids could be recognized. This chromosome structure could be easily stained with silver, Giemsa, 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI), and fluorescein isocyanate isomere 1 (FITC). The results obtained following these stainings gave no indication to any specific chemical composition of a probable central scaffold. The scaffold-like structures were not accessible to G-, R-, or C-banding techniques. The only effect observed following these banding techniques was the disappearance of the halo of thin material around the central scaffold-like structure.Key words: chromosome structure, fixation influence, human lymphocytes.

A study on nucleolar DNA: isolation of DNA from fibrillar components and ultrastructural localization of different DNA probes

1993 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hozak ◽  
C. Schofer ◽  
J. Sylvester ◽  
F. Wachtler
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Dense Fibrillar Component ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fibrillar Component ◽  
Rna Genes

The nature and localization of DNA contained in the fibrillar centres and the dense fibrillar component (the fibrillar complex) in the nucleoli, was studied in human LEP cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia A and in mitotic chromosomes of stimulated lymphocytes. A novel procedure for isolating the intact fibrillar complex from LEP cells was used; the complex contains DNA that hybridizes to secondary constrictions of mitotic chromosomes and to 28 S rDNA sequences, on Southern blots. Electron microscopic DNA-DNA in situ hybridization was performed, with (a) a probe prepared from DNA extracted from the fibrillar complex of LEP cells, (b) a probe for human total genomic DNA, and (c) a probe for the transcribed part of human rDNA. On the basis of the results obtained we conclude that the ribosomal RNA genes in human Sertoli cells and spermatogonia A are predominantly associated with the dense fibrillar component, including the border region between fibrillar centres and the dense fibrillar component. The ribosomal RNA genes are the main, if not exclusive, DNA type present in the fibrillar complex in the studied cell types.

Chromosome location of the genes for 28S, 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA in Triturus marmoratus (Amphibia Urodela)

Chromosoma ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Barsacchi Pilone ◽  
Irma Nardi ◽  
Renata Batistoni ◽  
Francesca Andronico ◽  
Elena Beccari
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Triturus Marmoratus
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