Mass spectrometric investigations of water extracts of the river Elbe for the determination of potential inputs of pollutants into the North Sea

1995 ◽  
Vol 353 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Theobald ◽  
Wilfried Lange ◽  
Winfried G�hlert ◽  
Florian Renner
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
The North ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
The North Sea

Storm surges in the North Sea during the winter 1953-4

1956 ◽  
Vol 235 (1201) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Phase Angles

Records of sea level for several North Sea ports for the winter of 1953-4 have been in vestigated. They were split into 14-day intervals, and each 14-day record was Fourieranalyzed to determine if any non-astronomical periods were present. There was evidence of some activity between 40 and 50 h period, and a determination of the phase angles at different ports showed that the activity could be due to a disturbance travelling southwards from the north of the North Sea. The disturbance was partly reflected somewhere near the line from Lowestoft to Flushing, so that one part returned past Flushing and Esbjerg towards Bergen while the other part travelled towards Dover, and there was evidence of its existence on the sea-current records taken near St Margaret's Bay. These results were confirmed by subtracting the predicted astronomical tidal levels from the observed values of sea level and cross-correlating the residuals so obtained for each port with those found at Lowestoft. The residuals at Lowestoft and Aberdeen were compared with the meteorological conditions, and it was found that, although they could be attributed to a large extent to conditions within the North Sea, there was an additional effect due to a travelling surge which was of the same order of magnitude at both Lowestoft and Aberdeen and which was closely related to the rate of change with time of the atmospheric pressure difference between Wick and Bergen.

Loran-C Chains: Determination of Extent of Cover

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Woodman ◽  
J. Juleff ◽  
R. A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Geometric Effects

A mainly theoretical study has been undertaken to demonstrate how the extent of cover from a hyperbolic navigation system chain can be evaluated. The impetus for the study was the need to assess how Loran-C could be extended over Western Europe, particularly in the South western Approaches, North Sea, English Channel and Bay of Biscay sea areas.The technique described in this article leads to an accurate determination of the electric field strength at a distance from each transmitting site and takes into account the complexities of the ground-wave propagation path. This field-strength contour is combined with the geometric effects of station siting (expansion factors) to yield a constant S/N contour (–10 dB) which defines the ¼n.m. error and hence the limit of cover for the hyperbolic chain under study.In order to exercise the analytical methods a hypothetical Loran-C chain was studied comprising a master station at Lessay (France), with secondary stations at Soustons (also in France), at Sylt (dual rated; off the North Sea coast of Germany, near the Danish border) and at a fourth station located in north-west Britain on the Hebridean island of Barra. The study indicated that such a hypothetical chain would significantly improve Loran-C cover over much of western Europe.

Determination of 206/207Pb isotope ratios by ICP-MS in particulate matter from the north sea environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 347 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Krause ◽  
M. Kriews ◽  
W. Dannecker ◽  
C.-D. Garbe-Sch�nberg ◽  
M. Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
The North ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Characteristics of dissolved and atmospheric methane concentrations along a freshwater-seawater transect from the River Elbe into the North Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Bussmann ◽  
Holger Brix ◽  
Norbert Kamjunke ◽  
Uta Ködel ◽  
Matthias Koschorreck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
The North ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
The North Sea

<p>Surface waters are known to be significant sources of greenhouse gases (CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>), but our understanding of large scale patterns is still incomplete. The greenhouse gases in rivers originate both from in-stream processes and interactions with the catchment. For coastal seas, rivers are suspected to be one of the main source of greenhouse gases, while the role of the interjacent tidal flats is still ambiguous. Especially the reaction of the entire system on terrestrial hydrological extremes such as low flow situations are still under consideration. The functional understanding of such events and their impacts on the water chemistry along its transition pathway in the terrestrial and limnic compartment as well as in the coastal marine environment is crucially needed for the evaluation of its relevance in the Earth system. As part of a MOSES campaign (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) spanning disciplines as well as earth system compartments we investigated the aquatic as well as the atmospheric compartemt in and above the Elbe River from inland waters through the tidal section of the river and the estuary to the North Sea with the goal to explore spatial heterogeneity of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in the water and in ambient air above the water during a low water period in summer 2020.</p><p> </p><p>Overall, dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations ranged over three orders of magnitude. Along the freshwater part of the transect, dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> increased and weirs and harbors appeared to be hot spots of elevated CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations both for the dissolved and atmospheric phase. We observed a longitudinal gradient of CO<sub>2</sub> in the river which was closely linked to primary production. In the estuary and the marine part, dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations of the transect were determined by the variability of temperature and salinity. Correlations with other water parameters revealed the complex regulation of dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations along the freshwater-seawater continuum. For atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> above the North Sea, wind direction and wind speed proved to be crucial. Besides the typical diurnal fluctuations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, an observed link between dissolved and atmospheric concentrations has to  be further clarified.</p>

scholarly journals II. Account of levellings carried across the Isthmus of Panamá, to ascertain the relative height of the Pacific Ocean at Panamá and of the Atlantic at the mouth of the river Chagres; accompanied by geographical and topographical notices of the Isthmus

1830 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
The North ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Good Mathematician

In November 1827 I received a special commission from General Bolivar to make a survey of the Isthmus of Panamá and Darien, in order to ascertain the best and most eligible line for a communication (whether by road or canal) between the two seas. On my arrival in Panamá in March 1828 I was joined by a brother officer of Engineers, a Swede in the Colombian service, a good mathematician and of habits of great correctness in observation. Upon consulting together, we found that we could combine the particular object of the commission with a second object in which we both felt a deep interest, namely, the determination of the relative height of the ocean on either side of the Isthmus; and that we could best accomplish both, by taking a part of the present line of road between Porto Velo and Panamá, until we should fall in with the river Chagres about twenty miles above Cruces, which village is the usual landing-place for all articles of commerce in their transit from the North Sea to Panamá.

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