Multipesticide residue method for fruits and vegetables: California Department of Food and Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 339 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mark Lee ◽  
Michael L. Papathakis ◽  
Hsiao-Ming C. Feng ◽  
Gary F. Hunter ◽  
Joyce E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
California Department ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Sunflower Diseases Remain Rare in California Seed Production Fields Compared to North Dakota

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Gulya ◽  
Suzanne Rooney-Latham ◽  
Jean S. Miller ◽  
Kathleen Kosta ◽  
Colleen Murphy-Vierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
The State ◽  
California Department ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
Puccinia Helianthi ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Phoma Macdonaldii ◽  
Sunflower Production

The majority of United States sunflower production is in seven Midwestern states, but hybrid planting seed is almost exclusively produced in California. Due to the lack of summer rains and furrow irrigation, California-produced seed is relatively disease free and thus it regularly meets phytosanitary restrictions imposed by many countries. For the 15-year period from 1997 to 2011, 7231 seed fields in northern California were inspected and samples processed at the state diagnostic laboratory (California Department of Food and Agriculture). Rust (Puccinia helianthi) was the most prevalent quarantine disease, found in 4.3% of fields. Stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) were the only other quarantine pathogens observed, found in 2.6% and 0.5% of the 7231 fields, respectively. Many sunflower pathogens have never been recorded in California, including Phoma macdonaldii, Phomopsis helianthi, or any virus. North Dakota, the state with the highest US sunflower production, had quarantine pathogens in 88% of 1263 fields surveyed from 1995 to 2011. Phoma macdonaldii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Puccinia helianthi, Phomopsis helianthi, Plasmopara halstedii, and Verticillium dahliae were recorded in 62, 54, 37, 33, 14, and 12%, respectively, of North Dakota fields. Accepted for publication 5 November 2012. Published 14 December 2012.

Pesticide Residues in Food Crops Analyzed by the California Department of Food and Agriculture in 1989

1991 ◽  
pp. 87-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Okumura ◽  
Rick Melnicoe ◽  
Terry Jackson ◽  
Cheryl Drefs ◽  
Keith Maddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
California Department ◽  
Food And Agriculture

scholarly journals World Markets for Organic Fruits and Vegetables

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Organic Fruit

Pascal Liu and others at the International Trade Center, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, reviewed available literature, conducted surveys and interviewed key players in international organic marketing in 2000 for a report entitled "World Markets for Organic Fruit and Vegetables - Opportunities for Developing Countries in the Production and Export of Organic Horticultural Products."  This fact sheet lists the contents and summarizes the main findings of that report with the intention that this information will aid Florida organic fruit and vegetable growers and others in assessing their export potential for European and Japanese markets. This document is HS977, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: May 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs213

scholarly journals Excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among Californians 18–65 years of age, by occupational sector and occupation: March through November 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252454
Author(s):  
Yea-Hung Chen ◽  
Maria Glymour ◽  
Alicia Riley ◽  
John Balmes ◽  
Kate Duchowny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
California Department ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transportation Logistics ◽  
Excess Deaths

Background Though SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks have been documented in occupational settings and in-person essential work has been suspected as a risk factor for COVID-19, occupational differences in excess mortality have, to date, not been examined. Such information could point to opportunities for intervention, such as vaccine prioritization or regulations to enforce safer work environments. Methods and findings Using autoregressive integrated moving average models and California Department of Public Health data representing 356,188 decedents 18–65 years of age who died between January 1, 2016 and November 30, 2020, we estimated pandemic-related excess mortality by occupational sector and occupation, with additional stratification of the sector analysis by race/ethnicity. During these first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, working-age adults experienced 11,628 more deaths than expected, corresponding to 22% relative excess and 46 excess deaths per 100,000 living individuals. Sectors with the highest relative and per-capita excess mortality were food/agriculture (39% relative excess; 75 excess deaths per 100,000), transportation/logistics (31%; 91 per 100,000), manufacturing (24%; 61 per 100,000), and facilities (23%; 83 per 100,000). Across racial and ethnic groups, Latino working-age Californians experienced the highest relative excess mortality (37%) with the highest excess mortality among Latino workers in food and agriculture (59%; 97 per 100,000). Black working-age Californians had the highest per-capita excess mortality (110 per 100,000), with relative excess mortality highest among transportation/logistics workers (36%). Asian working-age Californians had lower excess mortality overall, but notable relative excess mortality among health/emergency workers (37%), while White Californians had high per-capita excess deaths among facilities workers (70 per 100,000). Conclusions Certain occupational sectors are associated with high excess mortality during the pandemic, particularly among racial and ethnic groups also disproportionately affected by COVID-19. In-person essential work is a likely venue of transmission of coronavirus infection and must be addressed through vaccination and strict enforcement of health orders in workplace settings.

scholarly journals First Report of Embellisia hyacinthi Causing a Leaf Spot and Bulb Skin Spot Disease on Scilla peruviana in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
S. Rooney-Latham ◽  
C. L. Blomquist ◽  
D. G. Fogle ◽  
E. G. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
California Department ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Food And Agriculture

The genus Scilla (Hyacinthaceae) includes more than 50 species of perennial, flowering bulbs grown in landscapes worldwide. In December 2000 and May 2009, an unknown leaf spot disease on Scilla peruviana was submitted to the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab. Samples were collected during routine phytosanitary inspections of production fields in Santa Cruz County in 2000 and Monterey County in 2009. The disease was detected before plants flowered in one field at each location each year and appeared to have a scattered distribution. Foliar spots were large, elliptical to oblong with grayish black centers and brown margins. Yellow halos surrounded many of the spots. Examination of the bulb material revealed small necrotic patches on the outer bulb scales. A rapidly growing fungus was isolated on one-half-strength acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) from the sporulating leaf spots and necrotic patches on the bulbs. The colonies were greenish gray and became dark olivaceous with age. Dictyospores, which formed on simple to branched, geniculate conidiophores, were oblong, fusiform or obclavate and usually had a triangular apical cell. They were initially hyaline, turning olivaceous brown with age. Conidia measured 14 to 39 × 8 to 13 μm (average 24.6 × 9.9 μm) typically with two to four (but up to seven) thick, transverse septa and one to two longitudinal septa. Morphologically, the fungus matched the description of Embellisia hyacinthi de Hoog & Miller (1,3). To confirm pathogenicity, four leaves of four S. peruviana plants were inoculated by taking colonized mycelial plugs from 2-week-old cultures and placing them in a plastic screw-cap lid filled with sterile water. The water plus mycelial plug suspension in the lid was then clipped to the adaxial side of a pushpin-wounded leaf (4). Plants were placed in a dark dew chamber at 20°C for 48 h and then moved to a growth chamber at 20°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 48 h, the clips, caps, and plugs were removed. An equal number of control plants were wounded and mock inoculated with noncolonized APDA agar plugs and the experiment was repeated. Leaf lesions were visible 3 days after clip removal and expanded to an average of 26 × 10 mm, 14 days after inoculation. Sporulation was observed in the lesions after 5 to 7 days and the fungus was isolated from all inoculated leaves. No symptoms developed on the control leaves. DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the isolate (GenBank Accession No. HQ425562) using primers ITS1 and ITS4 matched the identity of E. hyacinthi (2,4). E. hyacinthi has been reported as a foliar and bulb pathogen on Hyacinthus, Freesia, and Scilla in Japan and Europe including Great Britain. Bulbs infected with E. hyacinthi are generally less sound and less valuable than noninfected bulbs (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease on S. peruviana in California. References: (1) G. S. de Hoog and P. J. Muller. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 79:85, 1973. (2) B. Pryor and D. M. Bigelow. Mycologia 95:1141, 2003. (3) E. Simmons. Mycotaxon 17:216, 1983. (4) L. E. Yakabe et al. Plant Dis. 93:883, 2009.

scholarly journals Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Using Procedures Developed by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Cook ◽  
Mary Pat Beckett ◽  
Brian Reliford ◽  
Walter Hammock ◽  
Marc Engel
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
California Department ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Selective Detectors

Abstract Improved quality and efficiency of pesticide residue analysis were achieved by examining all aspects of the laboratory process. In an effort to eliminate methylene chloride hazardous waste, an acetonitrile extraction method, originally developed by the California Department of Agriculture, was modified and adopted. Sample size and solvent consumption were reduced with the new method. Custom glassware racks and disposable supplies reduced overall analysis time. Gravity-fed, solid-phase extraction simplified sample preparation and provided cleaner extracts for gas chromatographic analyses. Modifications to the method were made to achieve the ruggedness needed to maintain quality objectives during routine analysis. Instrumental improvements, including new selective detectors, retention time locking, and mass spectrometry screening for all samples, provided the laboratory with efficient, reliable, and confirmed analytical results.

scholarly journals Esculent coating of spider silk enhanced the preservation and shelf life of apricot

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Tahir ◽  
N. Pervez ◽  
J. Nadeem ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
Z. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Fungal Attack ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Preservation Technique

Abstract According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), roughly one-third of the total food produced is lost globally. The major cause of this wastage is the perishability of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, researchers have endeavored to develop an effective preservation technique. Our study explored the potential application of spider silk as an odourless and edible preservative coating for fruits. The spider silk was collected from spiders reared in the laboratory, following by degumming and dissolution to formulate the silk solution. For this study, apricots were selected as the model fruit. The apricots were dip coated with the formulated silk solution and allowed to dry. In order to enhance the beta sheet content of the silk coating, the fruits were exposed to water annealing for varying intervals of time under vacuum condition. The effect of silk coating and water annealing time period on preservation of fruits was then evaluated morphologically and gravimetrically. The results showed that the fruits, which were used as control, exhibited a greater degree of water loss and suffered from fungal attack. In contrast, the silk coated fruits showed less water loss and were protected from fungal attack. Therefore, the study provides compelling evidence regarding the application of spider silk as a preservative coating.

scholarly journals Identification and Frequency of Phytophthora Species Associated with Foliar Diseases in California Ornamental Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Yakabe ◽  
C. L. Blomquist ◽  
S. L. Thomas ◽  
J. D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
California Department ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
As Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Numerous ornamental nurseries in 32 California counties were surveyed for leaf spots as part of the California Department of Food and Agriculture mandated surveys targeting Phytophthora ramorum. Tissue collected during the 2005 and 2006 surveys was initially screened by a Phytophthora-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All positives samples were further tested using polymerase chain reaction to determine if P. ramorum was present. P. ramorum was detected in 1% of the total number of samples taken during the surveys. A total of 377 isolates were identified as species of Phytophthora other than P. ramorum, and their identity was determined by internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequences. Subsets of the putative ITS-species were further verified using accepted morphological characters. Thirteen species of Phytophthora were found: P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. foliorum, P. gonapodyides, P. hibernalis, P. nemorosa, P. ‘Pgchlamydo’, P. pseudosyringae, P. syringae, and P. tropicalis. P. syringae and P. citricola made up 55% of the total number of isolates. Species thought to be strictly forest pathogens, P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae, each made up less than 4% of the isolates. To test pathogenicity of acquired isolates, subsets of different species of Phytophthora were inoculated onto leaves of selected host plant genera. Of the 66 pathogen–host genera combinations tested, 44 resulted in lesion formation. Disease symptoms appeared as dark, water-soaked lesions with irregular margins and were similar among Phytophthora species.

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