Long-term nervous system damage from radiation of the spinal cord: An electrophysiological study

1991 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Scisciolo ◽  
M. Bartelli ◽  
S. Magrini ◽  
G. P. Biti ◽  
L. Guidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrophysiological Study

scholarly journals Diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosis analysis of 28 cases of central nervous system echinococcosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojia Du ◽  
Yandong Li ◽  
Pan Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Riqing Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Abstract Background To explore central nervous system (CNS) involvement in this disease, from the perspectives of diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosis Methods Twenty-eight patients with CNS echinococcosis were included in this retrospective study, including 18 males (64.3%) and 10 (35.7%) females. The average age of all the patients were 23.5 years (ranged 4–60 years). Twenty-three (23) patients (82.1%) received the first surgical resection in our hospital. Five (5) patients (17.9%) gave up surgical treatment for multiple-organ hydatidosis and previous surgery history at other hospitals, and albendazole was applied for a long-term (3–6 months) adjunct therapy for the 5 patients. The average follow-up time was 8 years. Results For the 28 patients, 23 cases received surgical treatments, and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examinations. The diagnosis of 4 cases of brain echinococcosis and 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis could not be confirmed, resulting in a misdiagnosis rate of 21.4% (6/28). For the pathological examination, a total of 17 cases were infected with Echinococcus granulosus (including 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis), and 6 cases were infected with Echinococcus alveolaris. Conclusion The diagnosis should be specifically considered in endemic regions. The clinical features of CNS hydatidosis were intracranial space-occupying lesions. For the treatment, the surgical removal of cysts should be necessary. In addition, the adjuvant therapy with drug and intraoperative prophylaxis is also suggested. The misdiagnosis may have resulted from atypical clinical features and radiographic manifestations, as well as the accuracy of hydatid immunologic test.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality In Paraplegia: A Test Bed Applicationn

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Preliminary Study

The paper presents an overview of the ergonomic/design issues of a VR-enhanced orthopaedic appliance to be used in rehabilitation of patients with Spinal Cord Injury. First, some design considerations are described and an outline of aims which the tool should pursue are given. Finally, the design issues are described focusing both on the development of a test-bed rehabilitation device and on the description of a preliminary study detailing the use of the device with a long-term SCI patient. The basis for this approach is that physical therapy and motivation are crucial for maintaining flexibility and muscle strength and for reorganizing the nervous system after SCIs.

Neurosurgery nursing

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-352
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulator ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Vagal Nerve Stimulator ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain

Neurosurgery describes the surgical treatment and management of various disease processes that target the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The specialty is wide and varied as increasing numbers of neurological conditions can now be improved following neurosurgery; for example, some types of epilepsy respond to the insertion of a vagal nerve stimulator, Parkinson’s disease symptoms can be diminished with a deep brain stimulator, and intractable back pain may be improved following spinal surgery. Practitioners must be equipped with the knowledge and skills to care for these patients and meet their immediate and long-term needs.

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Greenberg ◽  
Allen Desena
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can be fatal or lead to long-term disability. Various triggers have been identified in children and adults, which presumably cause an autoimmune response targeting myelin. The resulting inflammation causes demyelination and edema of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Depending on which portion of the CNS is affected, patients will experience a variety of symptoms including weakness, numbness, ataxia, encephalopathy, and seizures. Treatment is currently focused on reducing the amount of inflammation and supportive care.

Plasticity in somatic receptive fields after nerve injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Spinal Mechanism ◽  
Somatic Receptive Fields

Devor and Wall, in a pioneering electrophysiological study, examined the change in somatic receptive fields in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after nerve injury. Rather than the anticipated loss of an area of electrophysiological perception, the system demonstrated ‘plasticity’ whereby novel receptive fields, remote to the corresponding area of damage, were evident. The authors postulated that this neuroplasticity occurred via a hitherto undefined spinal mechanism, which lead to an explosion of interest and research to elucidate the mechanisms of central plasticity. In this truly landmark paper, the idea of the nervous system being an inherently ‘hard-wired’ structure was made redundant and the concept of neuroplasticity was given robust form.

scholarly journals The intact central nervous system of the newborn opossum in long-term culture: fine structure and GABA-mediated inhibition of electrical activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Stewart ◽  
D. J. Zou ◽  
J. M. Treherne ◽  
K. Mollgard ◽  
N. R. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Long Term Culture

1. The entire central nervous system (CNS) of the newly born, South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica) was isolated and maintained in basal medium, Eagle's (BME) with 0.2% foetal calf serum and antibiotics. Isolated CNS preparations remained electrically excitable for up to 10 days. The fine structure of the spinal cord was normal after 5 days in culture: axons, synapses, dendrites and glia were virtually unchanged. Signs of degeneration were evident only in dorsal areas of the spinal cord, which had been denervated by removal of the dorsal root ganglia during dissection. 2. Amino acid transmitters such as glycine, glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), applied to the bathing fluid, rapidly and reversibly inhibited synaptic transmission in cervical segments of the spinal cord. GABA (10–100 mumol l-1) produced a dose-dependent reduction in the magnitude of ventral root responses evoked by dorsal root stimulation. GABA also inhibited synaptically activated compound action potentials produced by spinal cord stimulation. Dose-response curves for GABA obtained in different preparations were highly reproducible. 3. Both GABAA and GABAB receptors were reversibly activated by selective agonists and inhibited by specific antagonists. The actions of GABA were potentiated by benzodiazepines, competitively antagonised by bicuculline (a selective GABAA antagonist) and mimicked by muscimol (a GABAA agonist). Baclofen (a specific GABAB agonist) also inhibited electrical activity and was competitively antagonised by the GABAB antagonist, CGP 35348. 4. After 5 days of culture in BME or minimal essential medium (MEM), GABA dose-response curves were unchanged from those observed immediately after removal of the CNS. The inhibitory potency of baclofen was also unaffected by culture in BME. By contrast, after 5 days of culture in MEM, baclofen no longer inhibited electrical activity. This difference between BME and MEM could be attributed to the higher content of L-histidine in MEM. Thus, addition of 150 mumol l-1 L-histidine to BME produced similar results to culture in MEM: the inhibitory action of baclofen was virtually abolished after 3–5 days. L-Histidine had no effect on freshly dissected preparations. Chronic application of L-histidine did not affect glycine or glutamate responses after 5 days. Addition of D-histidine or other amino acids, such as arginine, to BME did not abolish the responses to baclofen. 5. These results show that the isolated CNS of the newborn opossum survives well in long-term culture and that it provides a useful preparation to study receptor development and plasticity of an intact mammalian CNS in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Long-term survival of an infant with gliomatosis cerebelli

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy B. Rorke-Adams ◽  
Harold Portnoy
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Central Nervous System Neoplasm ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Over Time

Gliomatosis cerebri is an uncommon but well-established central nervous system neoplasm that occurs primarily in adults. Although the neoplastic process typically arises in the cerebrum, it often spreads to brainstem, cerebellum, or even the spinal cord. In this report the authors document the surgical treatment of a 13-month-old boy whose tumor arose in the cerebellum and over time extended to the thalamus where its growth halted at age 3 years and 10 months. Aside from 2 partial resections the patient underwent neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy. He is now 21 years old and functions independently.

Long-term modulation of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system by spinal cord neurons in normal and ischaemic hearts

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A Armour ◽  
B Linderoth ◽  
R.C Arora ◽  
M.J.L DeJongste ◽  
J.L Ardell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons

The human fatigue under static and dynamic physical activity And adaptation mechanisms

10.12737/7590 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Зилов ◽  
V. Zilov ◽  
Еськов ◽  
V. Eskov ◽  
Борисова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Human Fatigue

This review focuses on spinal and central mechanisms of fatigue associated with the implementation of adaptation programs. The morpho-functional correlations of the moto-neurons activity of the spinal cord, the activities of the functional systems of the human body, neurotransmitter systems, serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the mechanisms of fatigue were considered. The phases of the process of adaptation to physical loads as well as cumulative training effect were identified. The authors have identified and described the participation of the autonomic nervous system, glucocorticoids and other hormones and mediators in long-term adaptation to physical loads, in the transition from carbohydrate to fat type of energy metabolism. The stages of disadaptation and re-adaptation to physical activities (a manifestation of stress, rate adaptation, cybernetic principles of homeostasis) have been identified and described. The two-circuit system homeostasis: the autonomic (controlling) and myocardial-hemodynamic (controlled) was demonstrated and an hierarchy of control has been defined.

scholarly journals Long-term in vivo imaging of mouse spinal cord through an optically cleared intervertebral window

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjie Wu ◽  
Sicong He ◽  
Junqiang Wu ◽  
Congping Chen ◽  
Xuesong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Mouse Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Communication Pathway

Spinal cord, as part of the central nervous system, accounts for the main communication pathway between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord injury is a devastating and largely irreversible neurological trauma, and can result in lifelong disability and paralysis with no available cure. In vivo spinal cord imaging in mouse models without introducing immunological artifacts is critical to understand spinal cord pathology and discover effective treatments. We developed a minimal-invasive intervertebral window by retaining ligamentum flavum to protect the underlying spinal cord. By introducing an optical clearing method, we achieved repeated two-photon fluorescence and stimulated Raman scattering imaging at subcellular resolution with up to 16 imaging sessions over 167 days and observed no inflammatory response. Using this optically cleared intervertebral window, we studied the neuron-glia dynamics following laser axotomy and observed strengthened contact of microglia with the nodes of Ranvier during axonal degeneration. By enabling long-term, repetitive, stable, high-resolution and inflammation-free imaging of mouse spinal cord, our method provides a reliable platform in the research aiming at understanding and treatment of spinal cord pathology.

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