The effects of seed weight on growth and competitive ability of Rumex acetosella from two successional old-fields

Oecologia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Houssard ◽  
J. Escarr�
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Aptitudes germinatives comparées de graines de Rumex acetosella issues de populations correspondant à des stades distincts d'une succession postculturale

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Escarré ◽  
C. Houssard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
Mother Plants

Germination of Rumex acetosella L. was studied under a variety of experimental conditions to determine whether populations from old fields of different ages (fallow for 6 months to 15 years) differed in seed weight and germination rate and in plant biomass and flowering rate of the resulting plants. Fresh seeds collected from these natural populations showed differences in germination that varied with the date of harvest and the number of years since the field was last cultivated: seeds of the youngest population harvested in July germinated the best and were lighter than those of the other populations. Different fertilizer levels applied during the growth of the mother plants from seeds collected in the original old fields affected the mean weight and the germination rate of the resulting seeds, regardless of the density of cultivation of the mother plant. However, the effect of different fertilizer levels on mean seed weight varied with the origin of each population. Heavy seeds (mean weight > 0.6 mg) of mother plants from the populations of fields abandoned over 2 years ago germinated better than light seeds (mean weight < 0.6 mg). There was no significant difference between heavy and light seeds in terms of percent germination for seeds from mother plants that came from the "youngest" field. These differences in germination rate observed in field-collected seeds were also found in light seeds of the offspring generation: light seeds of the mother plant from the population belonging to the more recently abandoned old field germinated the best. Plants grown from heavy seeds that came from the other populations of older fields had more biomass than those resulting from light seeds. This difference has not been observed between individuals resulting from light and heavy seeds of the youngest population. On the other hand, these individuals had a higher flowering rate than those resulting from the older populations. These results are interpreted in relation to the successional status of the populations: high flowering and early germination rates are suitable characteristics for establishment of plants on bare ground or after a disturbance, whereas heavy seeds with more reserves ensure germination and enough biomass of the resulting plants in density-dependent conditions.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

The study of important agronomic traits by multivariate analysis in winter rapeseed cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Gader Ghaffari ◽  
Farhad Baghbani ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In order to group winter rapeseed cultivars according to evaluated traits, an experiment was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz - IRAN. In the experiment were included 12 cultivars of winter rapeseed and 3 levels of water deficit stress. Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil moisture. Water deficit stress was imposed from stem elongation to physiological maturity. According to the principal component analysis, five principal components were chosen with greater eigenvalue (more than 0.7) that are including 81.34% of the primeval variance of variables. The first component that explained the 48.02% of total variance had the high eigenvalue. The second component could justify about 13.64% of total variance and had positive association with leaf water potential and proline content and had negative relationship with leaf stomatal conductivity. The third, fourth and fifth components expressed around, 10.18, 4.83 and 4.68% of the total variance respectively. The third component had the high eigenvalue for plant dry weight. The fourth component put 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Silique per Plant and root dry weight against plant dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water potential. The fifth component had the high eigenvalue for root dry weight, root volume and 1000-seed weight.

Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Yesmina ◽  
Moushumi Akhtarb ◽  
Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

Assessing the competitiveness of the resort area

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1216-1231
Author(s):  
K.A. Nefedova ◽  
D.O. Maslakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Ranking Score ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Differential Methods

Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of the Krasnaya Polyana resort area. Objectives. The article aims to assess the competitive ability and attractiveness of this resort area through developing indicators. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, and factor and ranking score techniques. Results. The article offers original methods to assess the competitiveness of the ski resort area and describes possible directions to increase and improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of ski resorts. Conclusions. Comprehensive development indicators help assess the competitive ability of the ski resort area. Modified expert, sociological, rating, and differential methods contribute to the effective management of the resort area's advantages.

Old-field vegetation of the central part of the museum-preserve «The Kulikovo Field» (Tula region)

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
E. O. Golovina
Keyword(s):  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Stellarietea Mediae ◽  
Poa Angustifolia

The museum-preserve «The Kulikovo Field» is situated in the northern part of the Central Russian Upland within the forest-steppe zone near its northern border. There are a lot of abandoned fields, most of them left fallow since 1990–2000 years; the exact age of the old fields is unknown. Using the Braun-Blanquet approach as well as the method of K. Kopecký and S. Hejný (Kopecký, Hejný, 1974; Kopecký, 1992), the classification of the old-field vegetation of the central part of the museum-preserve was carried out. One derivate community, 2 basal communities (one of them with two variants), 3 communities and one association with three variants have been identified. The derivate community Conyza canadensis­ [Artemisietea vulgaris/Stellarietea mediae] is dominated by annual and biennial ruderal species: Conyza canadensis, Lactuca serriola and Carduus acanthoides. The association Convolvulo arvensis–Elytrigietum repentis is heterogeneous both in its floristic and subdominant composition and it can be divided into 3 variants. The variant typica represents monodominant communities where Elytrigia repens prevails. The variant Lactuca serriola is characterized by high constancy of Conyza canadensis, Lactuca serriola and some other ruderal plants and it represents coenoses dominated by Elytrigia repens with subdominants such as Lactuca serriola, Senecio jacobaea and Pilosella spp., mainly P. bauhini. The variant Cichorium intybus is dominated by Elytrigia repens with a subdominant Cichorium intybus; some mesophilous meadow species are often present. Variants Melilotus officinalis and Sonchus arvensis of the basal communityElytrigia repens–Cichorium intybus [Artemisietea vulgaris] are dominated by Cichorium intybus, Poa angustifolia and Elytrigia repens, the first of them also by Melilotus officinalis, Artemisia absinthium, and the second by Carduus acanthoides and Calamagrostis epigeios. Unlike the foregoing syntaxa the basal community Elytrigia repens–Cichorium intybus [Artemisietea vulgaris] is characterized by relative high constancy of some species pertaining to the order Galietalia veri, namely Fragaria viridis, Galium verum, Potentilla argentea. These species and also Poa angustifolia are the first steppificated meadow plants that appear in the old field communities under investigation. The community Pilosella bauhini [Onopordion acanthii] is dominated by Pilosella spp., mainly by P. bauhini that sometimes replaced by some ruderal plants, e. g. Achillea nobilis or Cichorium intybus. The peculiarity of this community is the low constancy and abundance of Elytrigia repens. The species of the orders Galietalia veri and Arrhenatheretalia play much noticeable role in the other syntaxa mentioned below, so these syntaxa are between the natural and synanthropic vegetation. The community Leucanthemum vulgare–Galium mollugo [Onopordion acanthii/Molinio-Arrhenatheretea] is distinguished by high abundance and constancy of some mesophilous and xeromesophilous meadow plants (Leucanthemum vulgare, Galium mollugo, Phleum pratense etc.). The community Artemisia marschalliana [Onopordion acanthii/Galietalia veri] is dominated mostly by Leontodon hispidus and Pilosella spp.; its peculiarity is a relatively high constancy of species common in the local steppificated meadows. The basal community Poa angustifolia [Galietalia veri/Artemisietea vulgaris] represents monodominant communities where Poa angustifolia prevails. Annual, biennial and some perennial ruderal species are rare in this variant, unlike most of the syntaxa mentioned above. The common feature of the last three syntaxa is subdominance of Fragaria viridis. It is known that the floristic composition of communities is changed during an old-field succession: the percentage of annual and biennial species declines and that of species pertaining to the classes of natural vegetation increases (Bonet, Pausas, 2007; Yamalov et al., 2008; Pankratova, Gannibal, 2009). Using the life-form and phytosociological spectrum of the syntaxa analysis an attempt to evaluate succession status of the described communities was made (tab. 9, 10). Based upon the results of this analysis, it is possible to suggest that the derivate community Conyza canadensis [Artemisietea vulgaris/Stellarietea mediae] is the earliest stage one can find in the investigated old fields. The variants Lactuca serriola and typica of the association Convolvulo arvensis–Elytrigietum repentis and the community Pilosella bauhini [Onopordion acanthii] are the next in the series. It seems that Pilosella spp. (P. bauhini and probably some other species of this genus) outcompete the pioneer species of initial stages, like Elytrigia repens, in some cases. The basal community Poa angustifolia [Galietalia veri / Artemisietea vulgaris] seems to be the most advanced stage: the percentage of annuals and biennials is minimal, and that of species pertaining to the syntaxa of natural vegetation of the high ranks, especially to the order Galietalia veri, increases greatly. Species richness of the communities is minimal at the most early stage, which is the peculiarity of the old-field vegetation (Pankratova, Gannibal, 2009; Ovcharova, Yamalov, 2013). Similar phenomenon was also noticed at the succession stages where strong dominant (Elytrigia repens or Poa angustifolia) pre­vails, regardless of how much advanced these stages are, the fact mentioned earlier (Prach, 1985). Species richness attains maximum at those stages of succession where the communities are polydominant and contain both early- and late-successional species, that was also previously described (Meiners et al., 2007).

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