Effects of N,N?-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) on mouse germ cells ? sperm count and morphology, and testicular pathology

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Sakamoto ◽  
Kazuo Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Count And Morphology

Combined action of X-rays and nonylphenol on mouse sperm

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Sperm Count And Morphology ◽  
Higher Doses

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of 2-weeks’ X-ray and/or nonylphenol (NP) exposure on male mice’s sperm count and quality. Pzh:SFIS mice were exposed to X-rays (0.05 Gy, 0.10 Gy, 0.20 Gy) or to nonylphenol (25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw) or to both agents (0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg bw NP, 0.10 Gy + 50 mg/kg bw NP). At 24 h and 5 weeks after the end of exposure the sperm count, morphology and frequency of DNA damage in the male germ cells were estimated. Each agent alone diminished sperm count and morphology. The dose of 0.05 Gy of X-rays decreased the frequency of DNA damage. Combined exposure to lower doses of both agents significantly improved sperm morphology and decreased the level of DNA damage compared to one agent alone. Combined exposure to higher doses reduced the frequency of DNA damage compared to the effect of the appropriate dose of NP. Results of combined exposure to low doses of both agents suggest that 0.05 Gy of X-rays stimulate the DNA damagecontrol system and in consequence repair of DNA caused by X-rays and NP. It may be correlated with increased antioxidant capacity.

Melatonin attenuates radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in germ cells of male Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Pandey ◽  
Sarbani Giri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Increasing male infertility of unknown aetiology can be associated with environmental factors. Extensive use of mobile phones has exposed the general population to unprecedented levels of radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) that may adversely affect male reproductive health. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of RFR Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) type, 900 MHz and melatonin supplementation on germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. One group received RFR exposure for 3 h twice/day for 35 days and the other group received the same exposure but with melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MEL; 5 mg/kg bw/day). Two other groups received only MEL or remain unexposed. Sperm head abnormality, total sperm count, biochemical assay for lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and testis histology were evaluated. Additionally, flow cytometric evaluation of germ cell subtypes and comet assay were performed in testis. Extensive DNA damage in germ cells of RFR-exposed animals along with arrest in pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis eventually leading to low sperm count and sperm head abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation resulting in histological and morphological changes in testis and germ cells morphology, respectively. However, these effects were either diminished or absent in RFR-exposed animals supplemented with melatonin. Hence, it can be concluded that melatonin inhibits pre-meiotic spermatogenesis arrest in male germ cells through its anti-oxidative potential and ability to improve DNA reparative pathways, leading to normal sperm count and sperm morphology in RFR-exposed animals.

scholarly journals Immature germ cells in semen - correlation with total sperm count and sperm motility

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PriyaS Patil ◽  
RajendraS Humbarwadi ◽  
AnitaR Gune ◽  
AshalataD Patil
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count

Obesity causes weight increases in prepubertal and pubertal male offspring and is related to changes in spermatogenesis and sperm production in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Navya ◽  
Hanumant Narasinhacharya Yajurvedi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Developmental Hierarchy

The effect of obesity on testicular activity in prepubertal and pubertal rats was investigated in the present study. Obesity was induced in adult females by feeding a high-calorie diet (HCD). These females were mated with normal males and were fed an HCD during pregnancy and lactation. The male offspring born to obese mothers and fed an HCD after weaning were found to be obese. Seminiferous tubules of offspring from control mothers (OCM) and offspring from HCD-fed mothers (OHCDM) had the same set of germ cells at different age intervals, namely spermatogonia, leptotene spermatocytes, zygotene spermatocytes, pachytene spermatocytes and round and elongated spermatids on postnatal days (PND) 7, 13, 17, 24 and 36, and on the day of preputial separation, respectively. However, there was a significant decrease in round and elongated spermatids and the epididymal sperm count, coupled with a significant decrease in testosterone and an increase in leptin serum concentrations in OHCDM compared with OCM. These results show that obesity in prepubertal rats does not affect the age-dependent appearance of germ cells according to developmental hierarchy, but it does interfere with spermatid formation, resulting in a reduced sperm count, which may be due to a deficiency of testosterone mediated by hyperleptinaemia.

Radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in testicular germ cells in swiss albino mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Pandey ◽  
Sarbani Giri ◽  
Samrat Das ◽  
Puja Upadhaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Radiofrequency Radiation ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Albino Mice

Even though there are contradictory reports regarding the cellular and molecular changes induced by mobile phone emitted radiofrequency radiation (RFR), the possibility of any biological effect cannot be ruled out. In view of a widespread and extensive use of mobile phones, this study evaluates alterations in male germ cell transformation kinetics following RFR exposure and after recovery. Swiss albino mice were exposed to RFR (900 MHz) for 4 h and 8 h duration per day for 35 days. One group of animals was terminated after the exposure period, while others were kept for an additional 35 days post-exposure. RFR exposure caused depolarization of mitochondrial membranes resulting in destabilized cellular redox homeostasis. Statistically significant increases in the damage index in germ cells and sperm head defects were noted in RFR-exposed animals. Flow cytometric estimation of germ cell subtypes in mice testis revealed 2.5-fold increases in spermatogonial populations with significant decreases in spermatids. Almost fourfold reduction in spermatogonia to spermatid turnover (1C:2C) and three times reduction in primary spermatocyte to spermatid turnover (1C:4C) was found indicating arrest in the premeiotic stage of spermatogenesis, which resulted in loss of post-meiotic germ cells apparent from testis histology and low sperm count in RFR-exposed animals. Histological alterations such as sloughing of immature germ cells into the seminiferous tubule lumen, epithelium depletion and maturation arrest were also observed. However, all these changes showed recovery to varied degrees following the post-exposure period indicating that the adverse effects of RFR on mice germ cells are detrimental but reversible. To conclude, RFR exposure-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage in germ cells, which alters cell cycle progression leading to low sperm count in mice.

scholarly journals Vapor cannabis exposure generationally affects male reproductive functions in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxin Shi ◽  
Esther M. Langholt ◽  
Logan C. Butler ◽  
Madeleine E. Harvey ◽  
Emma C. Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Abnormal Distribution ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Neonatal Testis ◽  
Air Control ◽  
Dnmt1 Expression

This study was performed to examine whether vapor exposure to cannabis plant matter negatively impacts male reproductive functions and testis development in mice. Adult CD-1 male mice (F0) were exposed to air (control) or 200 mg of vaporized cannabis plant matter 3x/day over a 10 day period. Subsequently, F0 males were bred with drug naive CD-1 females to generate F1 males, and F1 offspring were used to generate F2 males. Cannabis vapor exposure decreased sperm count and/or motility in F0 and F1 males and disrupted the progression of germ cell development, as morphometric analyses exhibited an abnormal distribution of the stages of spermatogenesis in F0 males. Although plasma levels of testosterone were not affected by cannabis exposure in any ages or generations of males, dysregulated steroidogenic enzymes, Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1, were observed in F0 testis. In the neonatal testis from F1 males, while apoptosis was not altered, DNA damage and DNMT1, but not DNMT3A and DNMT3B, were increased in germ cells following cannabis exposure. In contrast, the alterations of DNA damage and DNMT1 expression were not observed in F2 neonatal males. These results suggest that cannabis vapor exposure generationally affects male reproductive functions, probably due to disruption of spermatogenesis in the developing testis.

scholarly journals Spermatological characteristics of mosaic and non-mosaic forms of Klinefelter syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
M. I. Shtaut ◽  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
L. F. Kurilo ◽  
V. B. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mosaic Form ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Group 1

The study objective is to compare of ejaculate parameters in mosaic, non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS).Materials and methods. Eighty-five patients with KS were examined. The group 1 included 75 patients between the ages of 17 and 39 with non-mosaic KS (47,XXY), the group 2 included 10 males between the ages of 22 and 57 years with mosaic KS: 47,XXY/46,XY (n = 9), 48,XXY,der(X)/47,XXY/46,XY (n = 1).Results. KS patients semen volume was 1.9 ± 1.3 (0.1–5.5) ml in non-mosaic KS patients (47,XXY) and 1.5 ± 1.2 (0.05–4.00) ml in patients with a mosaic form of a KS, respectively, рН semen – 7.8 ± 0.5 (6.5–9.0) and 7.8 ± 0.2 (7.5–8.1), sperm count – 0.27 ± 1.42 (0.00–12.50) and 0.12 ± 0.28 (0.00–0.90) million/ml, respectively. The viscosity was increased (>20 mm) at 41 % non-mosaic KS (group 1) and 22 % of mosaic KS (group 2) patients. The ejaculate sediment was investigated by quantitative karyological analysis of immature germ cells. The germ cells in 42 % samples of the ejaculate of the patients with a classical form of a KS and in 20 % samples of the ejaculate of the patients with a mosaic form was found. That indicates a partial preservation of spermatogenesis.Conclusion. The degree of spermatogenesis depletion in KS patients widely varied, ejaculate and germ cell parameters in the ejaculate sediment weren’t significantly different. Presence of few sperms (cryptozoospermia) and immature cells in the ejaculate sediment point to partial preservation of spermatogenesis. 

scholarly journals The Potent Humanin Analogue (HNG) Protects Germ Cells and Leucocytes While Enhancing Chemotherapy-Induced Suppression of Cancer Metastases in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 4511-4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
YanHe Lue ◽  
Ronald Swerdloff ◽  
Junxiang Wan ◽  
Jialin Xiao ◽  
Samuel French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Cancer Metastases

Humanin is a peptide that is cytoprotective against stresses in many cell types. We investigated whether a potent humanin analogue S14G-humanin (HNG) would protect against chemotherapy-induced damage to normal cells without interfering with the chemotherapy-induced suppression of cancer cells. Young adult male mice were inoculated iv with murine melanoma cells. After 1 week, cancer-bearing mice were randomized to receive either: no treatment, daily ip injection of HNG, a single ip injection of cyclophosphamide (CP), or CP+HNG and killed at the end of 3 weeks. HNG rescued the CP-induced suppression of leucocytes and protected germ cell from CP-induced apoptosis. Lung metastases were suppressed by HNG or CP alone, and further suppressed by CP+HNG treatment. Plasma IGF-1 levels were suppressed by HNG with or without CP treatment. To investigate whether HNG maintains its protective effects on spermatogonial stem cells, sperm output, and peripheral leucocytes after repeated doses of CP, normal adult male mice received: no treatment, daily sc injection of HNG, 6 ip injections of CP at 5-day intervals, and the same regimens of CP+HNG and killed at the end of 4 weeks of treatment. Cauda epididymal sperm counts were elevated by HNG and suppressed by CP. HNG rescued the CP-induced suppression of spermatogonial stem cells, sperm count and peripheral leucocytes. We conclude that HNG 1) protects CP-induced loss of male germ cells and leucocytes, 2) enhances CP-induced suppression of cancer metastases, and 3) acts as a caloric-restriction mimetic by suppressing IGF-1 levels. Our findings suggest that humanin analogues may be promising adjuvants to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Hspa4l-Deficient Mice Display Increased Incidence of Male Infertility and Hydronephrosis Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 8099-8108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Held ◽  
Ilona Paprotta ◽  
Janchiv Khulan ◽  
Bernhardt Hemmerlein ◽  
Lutz Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Heat Shock Gene ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Null Mutant Mice ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT The Hspa4l gene, also known as Apg1 or Osp94, belongs to the HSP110 heat shock gene family, which includes three genes encoding highly conserved proteins. This study shows that Hspa4l is expressed ubiquitously and predominantly in the testis. The protein is highly expressed in spermatogenic cells, from late pachytene spermatocytes to postmeiotic spermatids. In the kidney, the protein is restricted to cortical segments of distal tubules. To study the physiological role of this gene in vivo, we generated mice deficient in Hspa4l by gene targeting. Hspa4l-deficient mice were born at expected ratios and appeared healthy. However, approximately 42% of Hspa4l −/− male mice suffered from fertility defects. Whereas the seminiferous tubules of Hspa4l −/− testes contained all stages of germ cells, the number of mature sperm in the epididymis and sperm motility were drastically reduced. The reduction of the sperm count was due to the elimination of a significant number of developing germ cells via apoptosis. No defects in fertility were observed in female mutants. In addition, 12% of null mutant mice developed hydronephrosis. Concentrations of plasma and urine electrolytes in Hspa4l −/− mice were similar to wild-type values, suggesting that the renal function was not impaired. However, Hspa4l −/− animals were preferentially susceptible to osmotic stress. These results provide evidence that Hspa4l is required for normal spermatogenesis and suggest that Hspa4l plays a role in osmotolerance.

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