Immunocytochemical demonstration of neurotransmitters in the nerve plexuses of the foot and the anterior byssus retractor muscle of the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis

1990 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vitellaro-Zuccarello ◽  
S. De Biasi ◽  
A. Amadeo
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Anterior Byssus Retractor Muscle

A nonisometric kinetic model for smooth muscle

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. C1025-C1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Yu ◽  
P. E. Crago ◽  
H. J. Chiel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Catch Muscle ◽  
Isometric Muscle Contraction ◽  
Anterior Byssus Retractor Muscle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Bridge Length

We have modeled the nonisometric contractile dynamics of smooth muscle by modifying a four-state model of actin and myosin bonds originally proposed by Hai and Murphy to simulate the isometric contractions of vertebrate smooth muscle. The model includes a latch bridge, which cycles more slowly than regular cross bridges. We generalized this model to represent the calcium-regulated processes of vertebrate and invertebrate smooth muscles. We added length dynamics by assuming length-dependent bonding and unbonding rates for the cross bridges. The calculation of the cross-bridge length distribution was simplified by assuming a Gaussian distribution, as first done by Zahalak for skeletal muscle. To test the performance of this model, we simulated isometric and nonisometric responses of different kinds of smooth muscle, including vascular smooth muscle, airway smooth muscle, molluscan catch muscle (anterior byssus retractor muscle), and Aplysia I(2) muscle. The model captures the economical force maintenance property at the later stages of isometric muscle contraction and responses to imposed lengthening and shortening movements.

Net calcium fluxes in anterior byssus retractor muscle with phasic and catch contraction

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bloomquist ◽  
BA Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Calcium Fluxes ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Anterior Byssus Retractor Muscle ◽  
45Ca Efflux ◽  
Constant Interval

Calcium in the artificial seawater bathing whole Mytilus anterior byssus retractor muscles (ABRM) was measured by a specific Ca electrode under various conditions of activation, catch, and catch relaxation. Activation in response to ACh was associated with uptake of Ca by the muscles. Phasic contractions produced a small Ca uptake; catch contractions produced a larger and sustained Ca uptake. After tension relaxation, the muscle lost an amount of Ca roughly equal to that gained. Catch relaxation by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) was associated with Ca release. ACh at identical concentrations, applied to the muscle for increasingly longer times, produced increasing amounts of Ca uptake. Regardless of the previous gain of Ca by the muscle, 5HT applied for a constant interval caused release of the same amount of Ca. A model for the Ca control system in ABRM based on this and previously obtained 45Ca efflux data is proposed.

The Intracellular pH of a Molluscan Smooth Muscle During a Contraction-Catch-Relaxation Cycle Estimated by the Distribution of [14C]DMO and by 31P-NMR Spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ZANGE ◽  
H. O. PÖRTNER ◽  
A. W. JANS ◽  
M. K. GREESHABER
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Relaxation Cycle ◽  
Anterior Byssus Retractor Muscle ◽  
Molluscan Smooth Muscle

The intracellular pH (pHi) of the anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) of Mytilus edulis L. was estimated during rest and during a contraction-catch-relaxation cycle by the distribution of [14C]DMO and by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The pHi of resting muscles was found to be nearly the same whether it was determined with DMO (7.41±0.06, N=5l) or by 31P-NMR spectroscopy (7.44±0.02, N=5). During catch the pHi was not significantly different from its value at rest. Serotonin (10−5moll−1) induced a rapid relaxation and a significant increase in pHi (DMO: 7.56±0.05, N=5; 31P-NMR: 7.57±0.02, N=5). In resting ABRM serotonin (≥10−6moll−1) also induced an alkalosis. It was shown that cyclic AMP, the second messenger of serotonin, elicited an increase of pHi. Dopamine (10−5moll−1) did not cause an increase in either cyclic AMP levels or pHi. The rates by which tonically contracted ABRM loaded at 0.1 N were stretched were significantly increased by an alkalosis elicited by the addition of 10 or 20mmoll−1 methylamine. Acidosis elicited by lO mmoll−1 DMO caused a significant decrease in the rate of relaxation.

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