Interaction between mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial plasmids in Claviceps purpurea: analysis of plasmid-homologous sequences upstream of the IrRNA-gene

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitt Oeser ◽  
Petra Rogmann-Backwinkel ◽  
Paul Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Homologous Sequences

Characterization of mutant mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. that have incorporated tRNAs by reverse transcription

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-691
Author(s):  
R A Akins ◽  
R L Kelley ◽  
A M Lambowitz
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Circular Dnas ◽  
Mitochondrial Introns

The Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. are closely related, closed-circular DNAs (3.6 and 3.7 kilobases, respectively) whose nucleotide sequences and genetic organization suggest relationships to mitochondrial introns and retroelements. We have characterized nine suppressive mutants of these plasmids that outcompete mitochondrial DNA and lead to impaired growth. All nine suppressive plasmids contain small insertions, corresponding to or including a mitochondrial tRNA (tRNATrp, tRNAGly, or tRNAVal) or a tRNA-like sequence. The insertions are located at the position corresponding to the 5' end of the major plasmid transcript or 24 nucleotides downstream near a cognate of the sequence at the major 5' RNA end. The structure of the suppressive plasmids suggests that the tRNAs were inserted via an RNA intermediate. The 3' end of the wild-type plasmid transcript can itself be folded into a secondary structure which has tRNA-like characteristics, similar to the tRNA-like structures at the 3' ends of plant viral RNAs. This structure may play a role in replication of the plasmids by reverse transcription. Major transcripts of the suppressive plasmids begin at the 5' end of the inserted mitochondrial tRNA sequence and are present in 25- to 100-fold-higher concentrations than are transcripts of wild-type plasmids. Mapping of 5' RNA ends within the inserted mtDNA sequences identifies a short consensus sequence (PuNPuAG) which is present at the 5' ends of a subset of mitochondrial tRNA genes. This sequence, together with sequences immediately upstream in the plasmids, forms a longer consensus sequence, which is similar to sequences at transcription initiation sites in Neurospora mitochondrial DNA. The suppressive behavior of the plasmids is likely to be directly related to the insertion of tRNAs leading to overproduction of plasmid transcripts.

Structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial plasmids in Claviceps purpurea

1988 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Düvell ◽  
Heike Hessberg-Stutzke ◽  
Birgitt Oeser ◽  
Petra Rogmann-Backwinkel ◽  
Paul Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids

scholarly journals Characterization of mutant mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. that have incorporated tRNAs by reverse transcription.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Akins ◽  
R L Kelley ◽  
A M Lambowitz
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Circular Dnas ◽  
Mitochondrial Introns

The Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. are closely related, closed-circular DNAs (3.6 and 3.7 kilobases, respectively) whose nucleotide sequences and genetic organization suggest relationships to mitochondrial introns and retroelements. We have characterized nine suppressive mutants of these plasmids that outcompete mitochondrial DNA and lead to impaired growth. All nine suppressive plasmids contain small insertions, corresponding to or including a mitochondrial tRNA (tRNATrp, tRNAGly, or tRNAVal) or a tRNA-like sequence. The insertions are located at the position corresponding to the 5' end of the major plasmid transcript or 24 nucleotides downstream near a cognate of the sequence at the major 5' RNA end. The structure of the suppressive plasmids suggests that the tRNAs were inserted via an RNA intermediate. The 3' end of the wild-type plasmid transcript can itself be folded into a secondary structure which has tRNA-like characteristics, similar to the tRNA-like structures at the 3' ends of plant viral RNAs. This structure may play a role in replication of the plasmids by reverse transcription. Major transcripts of the suppressive plasmids begin at the 5' end of the inserted mitochondrial tRNA sequence and are present in 25- to 100-fold-higher concentrations than are transcripts of wild-type plasmids. Mapping of 5' RNA ends within the inserted mtDNA sequences identifies a short consensus sequence (PuNPuAG) which is present at the 5' ends of a subset of mitochondrial tRNA genes. This sequence, together with sequences immediately upstream in the plasmids, forms a longer consensus sequence, which is similar to sequences at transcription initiation sites in Neurospora mitochondrial DNA. The suppressive behavior of the plasmids is likely to be directly related to the insertion of tRNAs leading to overproduction of plasmid transcripts.

Studies on function and mobility of mitochondrial plasmids from Claviceps purpurea

1994 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Gessner-Ulrich ◽  
Paul Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids

pClK1 and pClT5—Two Linear Mitochondrial Plasmids from Unrelated Claviceps purpurea Strains: A Comparison

Plasmid ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitt Oeser ◽  
Katrin Gessner-Ulrich ◽  
Petra Deing ◽  
Paul Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of the spectacled salamander, Salamandrina terdigitata (Urodela: Salamandridae), supports the existence of two distinct species

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 995 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO MATTOCCIA ◽  
ANTONIO ROMANO ◽  
VALERIO SBORDONI
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mtdna Lineages

Salamandrina is a monotypic genus of the family Salamandridae endemic to Italy. Forty five individuals of the spectacled salamander, Salamandrina terdigitata, representing 11 populations throughout the whole distribution range were examined for sequence variation of three mitochondrial DNA genes encoding the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA’s and cytochrome b (1324 bp). The results indicate the existence of two genetically distinct and geographically non-overlapping mtDNA lineages. The first lineage includes the southern populations and the second one comprises the central-northern populations. The degree of genetic divergence between the two groups is high and comparable to distances calculated from homologous sequences available in GenBank between other Salamandrid species. As a result, the genus Salamandrina probably requires splitting into two species. We also compare substitution rates associated with the mitochondrial genes employed across all Salamandrids studied so far, and discuss two possible palaeogeographic scenarios which could have shaped the splitting of the two Salamandrina lineages. These findings have also important implications for management and conservations of the spectacled salamander, which is protected under several international and regional conventions and directives.

Homology of Agaricus mitochondrial plasmids with mitochondrial DNA

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Meyer ◽  
William A. Hintz ◽  
Madan Mohan ◽  
Mary Robison ◽  
James B. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Restriction Maps ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
Extrachromosomal Element ◽  
Agaricus Bitorquis ◽  
Bacterial Plasmid

A strain of Agaricus bitorquis (Ag4) contains two linear plasmids, pEM and pMPJ. Restriction maps for these two plasmids were determined. Similar plasmid-like DNAs were found to be present in some other strains of A. bitorquis but none were found in strains of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus. The three internal EcoRI fragments of pEM were cloned into a bacterial plasmid and were subsequently used as hybridization probes. The cloned portion of pEM has homology with sequences present in the mitochondrial genome of strains of A. bisporus and A. bitorquis, even those without pEM or any obvious extrachromosomal element. In addition, there are pEM homologous sequences within the mitochondrial genome of the source strain Ag4, which contain pEM and pMPJ as extrachromosomal elements.Key words: Agaricus, plasmid, mitochondrial DNA.

scholarly journals Male transmission of linear plasmids and mitochondrial DNA in the fungus Neurospora.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Yang ◽  
A J Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Paternal Transmission ◽  
Circular Plasmid ◽  
First Case ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Novel Associations

Abstract One of the general rules of heredity is that in anisogamous matings genetic elements in organelles are inherited maternally. Nevertheless, there are cases of paternal transmission, both as rare exceptions, and as regular modes of inheritance. We report two new cases of paternal transmission in crosses of the model fungus Neurospora. First, we show leakage of a linear plasmid from males, the first case in fungi and the second in eukaryotes. Transmission frequencies ranged from 1% to 15% in different crosses, but some crosses showed no detectable male transmission. Second, we show leakage of male mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the second case in fungi. Some of the resulting progeny have only the male mtDNA type, but some are heteroplasmons. Heteroplasmons show novel restriction fragments attributable to recombination or rearrangement. Heteroplasmy of mtDNA through male transmission has not been reported previously in any eukaryote. In addition we have shown paternal leakage of circular mitochondrial plasmids, supporting another reported case. In a male bearing a linear and a circular plasmid, these plasmids and the mtDNA are transmitted in different combinations. These results show a potential for mitochondrial segregation and assortment during the sexual cycle in anisogamous fungi, pointing to more potential avenues for novel associations between genomic compartments, and between genomic and extragenomic elements.

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