Surface coat of the palatal shelf epithelium during palatogenesis in mouse embryos

1975 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Souchon
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Palatal Shelf

Changes in the surface coat of mesenchymal cells of mouse limb buds after enzymatic cell separation

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Evamaria Kohnert-Stavenhagen ◽  
Bernd Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Partial Separation ◽  
Collagenase Treatment ◽  
Mouse Limb

Isolation of cells is nowadays performed by enzymatic means. The influence of such enzymes on the surface coat of mesenchymal and blastemal cells during the dissociation of limb buds from 11 -day-old mouse embryos was studied electron microscopically after staining with ruthenium red. EGTA or collagenase failed to bring about cell separation. The surface coat seemed to be unchanged after collagenase treatment. After EGTA an increase in extracellular filaments was observed. The proteases α-chymotrypsin, dispase II, papain, pronase P and trypsin (0·2%, 37 °C, 20 min) succeeded in completely dissociating limb buds. Apart from single granules, there was a detachment of the surface coat from the cells in all cases studied. Hyaluronidase led to only partial separation, but the detachment of the surface coat was almost complete, indicating a GAG-rich surface layer on these cells.

Visualization of the Platelet-Plasma Interface

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
D. C. Brindley ◽  
M. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Embedding Technique ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Morphological and cytochemical studies of platelets have reported a surface coat, or glycocalyx, external to the plasma membrane (1). Biochemical analyses have likewise confirmed the highly adsorptive properties of platelets as transporters of coagulation factors (2). However, visualization of the platelet membrane by conventional EM procedures does not reflect this special relationship between the platelet and its plasma environment. By the routine method of alcohol-propylene oxide dehydration for Epon embedding, the lipid bilayer nature of the platelet membrane appears similar to other blood cells (Fig. 1). A new rapid embedding technique using dimethoxypropane (DMP) as dehydrating agent (13) has permitted ultrastructural analyses of the surface features of the platelet-plasma interface.Aliquots of human or rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were added to equal volumes of 6% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's buffer at 37° for 45 minutes, rinsed in buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium in Millonig's buffer for 45 minutes.

The Fine Structure of Glycocalyx in Human Spermatozoa. A High Resolution Cytochemical Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
P. Hernández-Jáuregui ◽  
A. Sosa ◽  
A. González Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Charge ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Specific Permeability ◽  
Extracellular Glycoprotein ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Glycocalyx is the name given by Bennett to the extracellular glycoprotein coat present in some cell surfaces. It appears to play an important role in cell properties such as antigenicity, cell adhesivity, specific permeability, and ATP ase activity. In the sperm this coat can be directly related to such important phenomena as capacitation and fertilization. The presence of glycocalyx in invertebrate spermatozoa has already been demonstrated. Recently Yanagimachi et al. has determined the negative charges on sperm surfaces of mammalian spermatozoa including man, using colloidal iron hydroxide. No mention was made however of the outer surface coat as composed of substances other than those confering a negative charge. The purpose of this work was therefore to determine the presence of a glycocalyx in human spermatozoa using alcian blue and lanthanum staining.

Human Adenovirus Uptake by Preirnplantation Mouse Embryos

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
D. G. Chase ◽  
W. Winters ◽  
L. Piko
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Embryo Culture Medium ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Mouse Cells

Although the outlines of human adenovirus entry and uncoating in HeLa cells has been clarified in recent electron microscope studies, several details remain unclear or controversial. Furthermore, morphological features of early interactions of human adenovirus with non-permissive mouse cells have not been extensively documented. In the course of studies on the effects of human adenoviruses type 5 (AD-5) and type 12 on cultured preimplantation mouse embryos we have examined virus attachment, entry and uncoating. Here we present the ultrastructural findings for AD-5.AD-5 was grown in HeLa cells and purified by successive velocity gradient and equilibrium density gradient centrifugations in CsCl. After dialysis against PBS, virus was sedimented and resuspended in embryo culture medium. Embryos were placed in culture at the 2-cell stage in Brinster's medium.

Preplate neurons in embryonic mouse cortex: Ultrastructural observations using photoconversion of the fluorescent lipophilic dye dil

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 906-907
Author(s):  
Linda C. Hassinger ◽  
James E. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Cortical Afferents ◽  
Mouse Cortex ◽  
Carbocyanine Dye ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

We have begun to look directly at small numbers of afferent axons to early generated neurons that form the preplate in the developing mouse cortex. The carbocyanine dye Dil (1’1, dioctadecyl-3,3,3’3’-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine) has proved especially useful for this goal. DiI labels axons and their terminals with greater sensitivity and without some of the disadvantages of axon filling with HRP. The increased sensitivity provided by labeling embryonic axons with DiI has given us new insights into the development of cortical afferents. For instance, we reported originally that afferents from the thalamus were present below the cortex as early as embryonic day 15 (E15) based on HRP injections into mouse embryos. By using DiI placements into the thalamus in aldehyde-fixed brains, we now know that thalamic fibers reach the cortex 24 hrs earlier.

Effect of brefeldin A (BFA) on the unique surface coat of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) of sheep: Ultrastructural and cytochemical study

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Ultrastructural Feature ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Electron Lucent ◽  
Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophages ◽  
Unique Surface

The PIM of sheep, calf, goat and horse has a characteristic ultrastructural feature in the form of a unique, heparin sensitive, globular surface coat present around the plasma membrane with an intervening electron lucent space of 32-40 nm. We previously showed the active involvement of this surface coat in the phagocytosis of tracer material like monastral blue and cationized ferritin. The surface coat is capable of reconstitution in vivo following disruption with heparin. The present study was aimed to investigate whether PIM is the source of surface coat or not. In the recent years the BFA has been extensively used to understand the secretory pathways in the cells because of its ability to cause a rapid and reversible block to the anterograde transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.Sheep (n=6) were weighed, their plasma volume was calculated indirectly and based on which a sufficient single intravenous dose of BFA was given so as to reach a concentration of 4-5 microgram/ml of plasma.

Localization of Intracisternal a Particle Antigens in Neoplastic Cells and Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
Thomas T.F. Huang ◽  
Patricia G. Calarco
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle ◽  
Normal Feature

The stage specific appearance of a retravirus, termed the Intracisternal A particle (IAP) is a normal feature of early preimplantation development. To date, all feral and laboratory strains of Mus musculus and even Asian species such as Mus cervicolor and Mus pahari express the particles during the 2-8 cell stages. IAP form by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum and appear singly or as groups of donut-shaped particles within the cisternae (fig. 1). IAP are also produced in large numbers in several neoplastic cells such as certain plasmacytomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. The role of IAP, either in normal development or in neoplastic behavior, is unknown.

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