Aspects of tetrazolium salt reduction relevant to quantitative histochemistry

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Eadie ◽  
J. H. Tyrer ◽  
J. R. Kukums ◽  
W. D. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Histochemistry

scholarly journals The Impact of Fullerenes as Doxorubicin Nano-Transporters on Metallothionein and Superoxide Dismutase Status in MCF-10A Cells

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Natalia Zaręba ◽  
Klaudia Więcławik ◽  
Rene Kizek ◽  
Bozena Hosnedlova ◽  
Marta Kepinska
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to synthesise C60–DOX complexes followed by the analysis of their effect on the concentration of metallothionein (MT) as a non-enzymatic antioxidant and on the concentration and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as an antioxidant enzyme in healthy human mammary MCF-10A cells. Dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic light scattering were used to establish the size and zeta potential of the complexes. The MT and SOD concentrations were determined using the ELISA method; SOD activity was determined by tetrazolium salt reduction inhibition. Lower MT concentration following exposure of cells to both DOX and C60 fullerene compared to the control sample was found. However, the concentration of this protein increased as a consequence of the C60–DOX complexes action on MCF-10A cells compared to the control. C60 used alone did not affect the concentration and activity of SOD in MCF-10A cells. Application of free DOX did not activate cellular antioxidant defence in the form of an increase in SOD concentration or its activity. In contrast treatment of cells with the C60–DOX complex resulted in a decrease in SOD1 concentration and a significant increase in SOD activity compared to cells treated with free DOX, C60 and control. Thus, it was found that C60–DOX complexes showed potential for protective effects against DOX-induced toxicity to MCF-10A cells.

scholarly journals Pneumocandin L-743,872 enhances the activities of amphotericin B and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Franzot ◽  
A Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Combination Regimens

Cryptococcus neoformans infections in patients with AIDS are often incurable, despite aggressive antifungal therapy. Combination regimens with additive or synergistic drugs could provide additional options for treating cryptococcal meningitis. We evaluated the efficacy of combination therapies using L-743,872, a pneumocandin antifungal drug, and amphotericin B or fluconazole against 18 strains of C. neoformans, including 11 C. neoformans var. neoformans, 3 C. neoformans var. gattii, and 4 fluconazole-resistant isolates. The combination of subinhibitory concentrations of L-743,872 with amphotericin B significantly enhanced amphotericin B activity against C. neoformans as measured by turbidity (antifungal susceptibility studies using the National Committee of Clinical and Laboratory Standards method), quantitative CFU, and tetrazolium salt reduction assays. Similarly, the addition of subinhibitory concentrations of L-743,872 to fluconazole enhanced fluconazole activity, but the effect was less dramatic than for the pneumocandin-amphotericin B combination. A marked synergism was observed in all combinations of amphotericin B and L-743, 872 (fractional inhibitory concentration index [FIC] of < or = 0.5). Fluconazole-resistant strains showed a susceptibility to amphotericin B and L-743,872 which was comparable to that of susceptible isolates. Combinations of pneumocandin with fluconazole revealed different activities for the various strains, including synergism (FIC < 1.0), additivity (FIC = 1.0), and autonomy (FIC between 1.0 and 2.0). Combination studies with fluconazole and L-743,872 showed additive and autonomous activities against fluconazole-resistant isolates. No antagonistic interactions (FIC < 2.0) were observed for any combination of L-743,872 with either amphotericin B or fluconazole. The results of this study suggest that L-743,872 can enhance the efficacy of fluconazole or amphotericin B in vitro and indicate a potential role for L-743,872 in combination therapy against C. neoformans.

scholarly journals Evidence provided by high-impact cell culture studies does not support authors’ claims

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Burak Özkaya ◽  
Caner Geyik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Highly Cited

ABSTRACTBackgroundReliability of preclinical research is of critical concern. Previous studies demonstrate the low reproducibility in research and recommend raising standards to improve reproducibility and robustness. One understudied aspect of this quality issue is the harmony between the hypotheses and the experimental design in published work.Methods and findingsIn this study we focused on highly cited cell culture studies and investigated whether the claims of the study are backed with sufficient experimental evidence or not. We created an open access database containing all 282 claims asserted by 103 different high-impact articles as well as the results of this study. Our findings revealed that only 64% of all claims were sufficiently supported by evidence and there were concerning misinterpretations such as considering the results of tetrazolium salt reduction assays as indicators of cell death or apoptosis.ConclusionsOur analysis revealed an alarming discordance between the actual experimental findings and the way that the manuscript is written to discuss them in highly cited cell culture studies. In order to improve quality of pre-clinical research, we require a clear nomenclature by which different cell culture claims are distinctively categorized, materials and methods sections to be written more meticulously and cell culture techniques to be selected and utilized more carefully.

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