Development of the diffuse endocrine system in the chicken proventriculus

1993 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mart�nez ◽  
J. L�pez ◽  
P. Sesma
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System ◽  
Chicken Proventriculus

Neuroendocrine tumour markers

2011 ◽  
pp. 897-900
Author(s):  
R. Ramachandran ◽  
W. Dhillo
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Tumour Marker ◽  
Tumour Markers ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System

Neuroendocrine cells occur either singly or in small groups in a variety of tissues and organs. Although morphologically and embryologically diverse, they are characterized by a number of unifying features. They have dense core secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm and hormone receptors on the cell membranes. There is evidence of prohormone activity within the cells and they synthesize, store, and secrete hormones. In addition, neuroendocrine cells possess an ability to take up and decarboxylate amine precursors. Components of this diffuse endocrine system are particularly prominent in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, C cells of the thyroid, adrenal medulla, parathyroid tissue, respiratory tract, skin, and genitourinary system. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are known to occur in all these tissues. Historically, the diagnosis of NET was made on the basis of characteristic histological findings. The significantly worse prognosis in advanced disease and the availability of multiple therapeutic options have highlighted the need for robust tumour markers that can be used both for diagnosis and follow-up. Currently, a number of normal and abnormal forms of peptides, biogenic amines, and hormones, secreted by NETs, are routinely measured as markers of disease. An ideal tumour marker would be one that is secreted exclusively by the tumour cells and is useful (1) for screening and differential diagnosis of NETs; (2) as a prognostic indicator; (3) as an estimate of tumour burden; and (4) as a surveillance tool. Although none of the currently available markers completely fits the paradigm for an ideal tumour marker, when measured in conjunction with each other, they are useful not only for making a diagnosis but also for monitoring response to therapy and in surveillance post-remission.

scholarly journals Structural organization of the ileum of laboratory animals in normal and in a comparative view aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
M.I. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System

In recent decades, diseases of the digestive system that require immediate, both therapeutic and surgical treatment, have become widespread, and it is therefore a natural task to find new and optimize existing technologies and methods for correcting the above-mentioned nosologies. Preclinical studies of such developments are conducted exclusively on laboratory animals and knowledge of the morphological features of their structure for further comparison with the morphology of similar human organs is an urgent task of modern medical and biological science. The purpose of the study was to study the structural organization of the ileum of rabbits in comparative species and to obtain control data on its morphological features. Adequate research methods were used in the work according to the set goal, namely: histological, histochemical, electron microscopic, morphometric and statistical and biopsies of the ileum of 10 rabbits were studied. The correctness of the distribution of traits by each of the variations obtained, the average values for each trait studied, standard errors and standard deviations were evaluated. The significance of the difference of values between independent micrometric values in the normal distribution of features was determined by Student’s criterion. The paper describes the main structural components of the ileum of rabbits and compared with similar structures of the human ileum. The ileum of rabbits, as in humans, has been determined to have four membranes: mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous. The mucous membrane is constructed from the epithelial layer, which is located on the basement membrane and the muscular plate and contains cellular elements (exocrinocytes, enterocytes of various kinds, elements of the diffuse endocrine system associated with the mucous membrane, intraepithelial lymphocytes), blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve endings. The submucosa is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue, which contains collagen and reticular fibers, elements of diffuse lymphoid tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. The muscular and serous membranes are constructed in the same way as in the human ileum. Thus, after the study, it was determined that the morphological organization of the ileum of rabbits at the optical and electron microscopic levels has general patterns of structure similar to those in the ileum of the person.

Ghrelin Expression and Actions: A Novel Peptide for an Old Cell Type of the Diffuse Endocrine System

2004 ◽  
Vol 229 (10) ◽  
pp. 1007-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Rindi ◽  
Antonio Torsello ◽  
Vittorio Locatelli ◽  
Enrico Solcia
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System

scholarly journals The diffuse endocrine system: from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Montuenga ◽  
Laura Guembe ◽  
M. Angela Burrell ◽  
M. Elena Bodegas ◽  
Alfonso Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System

Neuroendocrine tumors in children and young adults: Incidence, survival, and prevalence in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22120-e22120
Author(s):  
M. S. O'Dorisio ◽  
P. Navalkele ◽  
T. M. O'Dorisio ◽  
C. F. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seer Data ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

e22120 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) arising from the diffuse endocrine system are thought to be quite rare in children and young adults. However, a surprising number of young people have been referred to our neuroendocrine tumor clinic and the NCI has targeted NET as a high priority for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options. This analysis of the SEER database was undertaken to determine the incidence, prevalence, and survival of NET in young people. Their incidence, prevalence, and survival were compared with neuroblastoma, a related pediatric malignancy arising in the neural crest. Methods: The SEER data were obtained from 9 standard SEER registries for the diagnosis years of 1975 to 2004 using SEER*Stat version 6.4.4. ICD-9 codes related to neuroendocrine tumors and to neuroblastoma were characterized as to patient age, gender, racial and ethnic background, stage, grade, histology, incidence, survival, and prevalence. Results: Neuroendocrine tumors occur more often in females among children and young adults with the most common sites being bronchial, ovarian, and breast. The overall incidence of neuroendocrine tumors was lower than for neuroblastoma in the age range 0–30 years. However, the 30 year limited prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors in the 9 SEER registries was 698 compared to 881 for neuroblastoma. This extrapolated to over 7000 children and young adults with neuroendocrine tumors across the United States. Survival rate of young people with neuroendocrine tumors declined from 84% in 1975–1986 to 80% in the 1987–2004 era. Conclusions: These results indicate that neuroendocrine tumors constitute an unrecognized cancer threat to children and young adults. Survival of children and young adults with neuroendocrine tumors has decreased over the past 30 years in the United States. We recommend the establishment of centers of care for children and young adults diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors with the expectation that earlier diagnosis coupled with targeted therapies will decrease the incidence of metastatic disease and improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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