In situ infrared kinetic study of the thermal conversion of polyphenylene-1,2-dibromoethylene to polyphenyleneacetylene

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Patel ◽  
S. P. Church ◽  
N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Thermal Conversion

scholarly journals Thermogravimetry of the Steam Gasification of Calluna vulgaris: Kinetic Study

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
José María Encinar ◽  
Juan Félix González ◽  
Sergio Nogales-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Shrinking Core

On account of the continuous decrease in oil reserves, as well as the promotion of sustainable policies, there is an increasing interest in biomass conversion processes, which imply the search for new raw materials as energy sources, like forestry and agricultural wastes. On the other hand, gasification seems to be a suitable thermal conversion process for this purpose. This work studied the thermogravimetry of the steam gasification of charcoal from heather (Calluna vulgaris) in order to determine the kinetics of the process under controlled reaction conditions. The variables studied were temperature (from 750 to 900 °C), steam partial pressure (from 0.26 to 0.82 atm), initial charcoal mass (from 50 to 106 mg), particle size (from 0.4 to 2.0 mm), N2 and steam volumetric flows (from 142 to 446 mL·min−1) and catalyst (K2CO3) concentration (from 0 to 10% w/w). The use of the shrinking core model and uniform conversion model allowed us to determine the kinetic parameters of the process. As a result, a positive influence of catalyst concentration was found up to 7.5% w/w. The kinetic study of the catalytic steam gasification showed activation energies of 99.5 and 114.8 kJ·mol−1 and order of reactions (for steam) of 1/2 and 2/3.

scholarly journals Chemical Modification as a Method of Improving Biocompatibility of Carbon Nonwovens

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3198
Author(s):  
Justyna Frączyk ◽  
Sylwia Magdziarz ◽  
Ewa Stodolak-Zych ◽  
Ewa Dzierzkowska ◽  
Dorota Puchowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Starting Point

It was shown that carbon nonwoven fabrics obtained from polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN) by thermal conversion may be modified on the surface in order to improve their biological compatibility and cellular response, which is particularly important in the regeneration of bone or cartilage tissue. Surface functionalization of carbon nonwovens containing C–C double bonds was carried out using in situ generated diazonium salts derived from aromatic amines containing both electron-acceptor and electron-donor substituents. It was shown that the modification method characteristic for materials containing aromatic structures may be successfully applied to the functionalization of carbon materials. The effectiveness of the surface modification of carbon nonwoven fabrics was confirmed by the FTIR method using an ATR device. The proposed approach allows the incorporation of various functional groups on the nonwovens’ surface, which affects the morphology of fibers as well as their physicochemical properties (wettability). The introduction of a carboxyl group on the surface of nonwoven fabrics, in a reaction with 4-aminobenzoic acid, became a starting point for further modifications necessary for the attachment of RGD-type peptides facilitating cell adhesion to the surface of materials. The surface modification reduced the wettability (θ) of the carbon nonwoven by about 50%. The surface free energy (SFE) in the chemically modified and reference nonwovens remained similar, with the surface modification causing an increase in the polar component (ɣp). The modification of the fiber surface was heterogeneous in nature; however, it provided an attractive site of cell–materials interaction by contacting them to the fiber surface, which supports the adhesion process.

A kinetic study of mechanochemical halogen bond formation by in situ31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (71) ◽  
pp. 9930-9933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijue Xu ◽  
Lysiane Champion ◽  
Bulat Gabidullin ◽  
David L. Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Solid State Nmr Spectroscopy

In situ 31P solid-state NMR studies of mechanochemical halogen bond formation provide insights into the cocrystallisation process and an estimate of the activation energy.

Mechanistic and kinetic studies of elemental mercury oxidation over a RuO2/rutile TiO2 catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 4669-4679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouyang Liu ◽  
Vishnu Sriram ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Joo-Youp Lee
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Ruthenium Oxide ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Mercury Oxidation ◽  
Rutile Tio2 ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst

A mechanistic study using in situ DRIFTS and a kinetic study were conducted on a ruthenium oxide based mercury oxidation catalyst.

scholarly journals Self-Assembled 3D Flower-Like Hierarchical β-Ni(OH)2 Hollow Architectures and their In Situ Thermal Conversion to NiO

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Ping Zhu ◽  
Gui-Hong Liao ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Hong-Mei Xiao ◽  
Ji-Fen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Self Assembled

CO2 methanation and reverse water gas shift reaction. Kinetic study based on in situ spatially-resolved measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 124629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Hernandez Lalinde ◽  
Pakpong Roongruangsree ◽  
Jan Ilsemann ◽  
Marcus Bäumer ◽  
Jan Kopyscinski
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Water Gas Shift Reaction ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Reverse Water Gas Shift ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

A novel bifunctional microencapsulated phase change material loaded with ZnO for thermal energy storage and light–thermal energy conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 5203-5214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaowei Huang ◽  
Qiuting Li ◽  
Yubin Yang ◽  
Sheng Wei ◽  
Rong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Microencapsulated Phase Change Material ◽  
Polymer Shells ◽  
Change Material

Novel bifunctional microencapsulated PCMs were synthesized via in situ polymerization by introducing nano-ZnO into the polymer shells, which providing the microencapsulated PCMs with good light-thermal conversion properties and thermal stability.

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