Evidence of a preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome in a 46,XX true hermaphrodite

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boucekkine ◽  
D. Nafa ◽  
M. Casanova-Bettane ◽  
F. Latron ◽  
M. Fellous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
True Hermaphrodite ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

X chromosome retains the memory of its parental origin in murine embryonic stem cells

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tada ◽  
M. Tada ◽  
N. Takagi
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

A cytogenetic and biochemical study of balloon-like cystic embryoid bodies, formed by newly established embryonic stem (ES) cell lines having a cytogenetically or genetically marked X chromosome, revealed that the paternally derived X chromosome was inactivated in the majority of cells in the yolk sac-like mural region consisting of the visceral endoderm and mesoderm. The nonrandomness was less evident in the more solid polar region containing the ectodermal vesicle, mesoderm and visceral endoderm. Since the same was true in embryoid bodies derived from ES cells at the 30th subculture generation, it was concluded that the imprinting responsible for the preferential inactivation of the paternal X chromosome that was limited to non-epiblast cells of the female mouse embryos, was stably maintained in undifferentiated ES cells. Differentiating epiblast cells should be able to erase or avoid responding to the imprint.

scholarly journals Expression and Linkage of Genes for X-linked Hemophilias A and B in the Dog

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Brinkhous ◽  
P. D. Davis ◽  
John B. Graham ◽  
W. Jean Dodds
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Neonatal Lethality ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Linkage Of Genes ◽  
Linkage Distance ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

Abstract The linkage distance on the X chromosome between the genes for hemophilia A (classic hemophilia) and B (PTC deficiency, Christmas disease) was estimated directly by breeding two strains of dogs, each segregating for a different type of hemophilia. Gene expression was determined by bioassays of plasma factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) and factor IX (PTC, Christmas factor). Double heterozygotes in repulsion for both hemophilia A and B could be readily identified by intermediate plasma levels of both procoagulants. There was no evidence of a tendency toward preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome, and the procoagulant levels showed that random inactivation had occurred at both loci. When double heterozygotes were bred against normal males or males with hemophilia A and B, the progeny that resulted indicated that the genes recombined freely. Thus, the genes are at least 50 map units apart. The phenotypes of five new hemophilic genotypes are described as a result of the various crossbreedings, including males with double hemophilia AB. When both hemophilia genes are in the coupling phase, there is evidence of increased intrauterine or neonatal lethality in males. The data from this study, along with that on gene linkage of human hemophilia A and B, provide support for the thesis of homology of the X chromosome during speciation.

Genetic activity at the albino locus in Cattanach's insertion in the mouse

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
M. S. Deol ◽  
Gillian M. Truslove ◽  
Anne McLaren
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Allele ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Autosome Translocation ◽  
Genetic Activity ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

Cattanach's insertion (Is(In7;X)1Ct or XCt) includes the normal allele at the albino locus (c+), which is subject to inactivation of the X chromosome carrying it, so that XCtX; c c mice have albino and pigmented patches. The X-autosome translocation T(X;16)16H or XT16H leads to preferential inactivation of the other X chromosome in female cells, so that XCtXT16H; c c mice are almost entirely white. However, they grow darker with age, as if reversal of inactivation of the c+ allele were taking place in increasing numbers of melanocytes. To test whether this is dependent only on age or whether it is related to the number of times the animal has moulted, hair was repeatedly plucked from selected areas at the early telogen stage when the follicles are also removed, assuming that the melanocytes or melanoblasts in that region of the skin would be forced to undergo further divisions to colonize the new follicles. The plucked areas grew darker at the same rate as the rest of the coat, suggesting that the progressive reversal of inactivation is dependent only on age. As direct examination of melanocytes in the follicles is difficult, they were examined in the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the eye. The frequency of the pigmented cells was lower in the choroid than in the RPE. Since the melanocytes in these structures are different in origin as well as in physical characteristics, it appears that cell type influences either reversal of inactivation, or the frequency with which the influence of the X chromosome extends to the albino locus.

Moderate haemophilia B in a female carrier caused by preferential inactivation of the paternal X chromosome

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kling ◽  
Alison J. Coffey ◽  
Rolf Ljung ◽  
Elsy Sjorin ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Female Carrier ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

Presumptive X-Autosome Translocation in a Cow : Preferential Inactivation of the Normal X Chromosome

Nature ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 218 (5137) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. GUSTAVSSON ◽  
M. FRACCARO ◽  
L. TIEPOLO ◽  
J. LINDSTEN
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Autosome Translocation ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

scholarly journals Non-random inactivation of the X-chromosome in interspecific hybrid voles

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Zakian ◽  
N. A. Kulbakina ◽  
M. N. Meyer ◽  
L. A. Semenova ◽  
M. N. Bochkarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
G6pd Activity ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Preferential Inactivation

SummaryExpression of X-linked genes for G6PD and GALA in interspecific hybrids between Microtus arvalis, M. subarvalis and M. kirgisorum voles was studied. Quantitative predominance of the enzyme activities of M. arvalis over G6PD activity of M. subarvalis and the GALA activity of M. kirgisorum in the female hybrids was shown. The definitive patterns of these enzyme activities was found on day 6·5 of embryonic development. Non-random inactivation of X-chromosomes derived from M. subarvalis and M. kirgisorum in the interspecific hybrids with M. arvalis is supposed to be the cause of the phenomenon observed. A hypothesis is proposed that there is a connection between the presence of large heterochromatin regions in the X-chromosomes derived from M. subarvalis or M. kirgisorum and the preferential inactivation of these in female hybrids with M. arvalis.

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