Significance of leaf surface characteristics in plant responses to air pollution

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Varshney ◽  
K. K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Plant Responses

scholarly journals Responses of herbaceous plants to urban air pollution: Effects on growth, phenology and leaf surface characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Honour ◽  
J. Nigel B. Bell ◽  
Trevor W. Ashenden ◽  
J. Neil Cape ◽  
Sally A. Power
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Air Pollution Effects

Effects of Metal Stress on Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Vegetation

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2735-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yu Chi ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Tai Hui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Vegetation which suffers from heavy metal stresses can cause changes of leaf color, shape and structural changes. The spectral characteristics of vegetation leaves is related to leaf thickness, leaf surface characteristics, the content of water, chlorophyll and other pigments. So the eco-physiology changes of plants can be reflected by spectral reflectance. Studies on the spectral response of vegetation to heavy metal stress can provide a theoretical basis for remote sensing monitoring of metal pollution in soils. In recent decades, there are substantial amounts of literature exploring the effects of heavy metals on vegetation spectra.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Urban Hedges as Air Pollution Barriers: Importance of Sampling Method, Species Characteristics and Site Location

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Tijana Blanuša ◽  
Zeenat Jabeen Qadir ◽  
Amanpreet Kaur ◽  
James Hadley ◽  
Mark B. Gush
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Species Characteristics

Urban hedgerows can act as barriers to roadside particulate air pollution, but details on methodologies to quantify pollutant capture, most efficient species to use, and practical planning advice are still evolving. We aimed to compare three widely used approaches to quantify particulate accumulation and deposition, and to ascertain the most cost-effective and robust approach for the rapid screening of various types of hedges. Secondly, using the most efficient methodology, we screened the summertime deposition of particulates on roadside hedges in Reading (UK), not just on species with differing leaf surface characteristics, but also along a transect of the hedge depth. Finally, we also compared particles’ capture by hedge leaf surfaces in locations with different traffic intensities, to try and ascertain the extent of reduction of particles’ concentration in various hedge types and urban locations. Results suggest that the gravimetric determination of particulate capture was most rapid and cost-effective, while being least technically demanding. We confirmed that hairy and more complex leaves captured most particulates, particularly in the >10 μm range. However, species choice only had a significant impact on the extent of capture on major roads, where the pollutant concentrations were highest. Furthermore, only hedge depths in excess of 2 m were found to noticeably reduce the concentration of fine particles in species with less capacity for particulates’ capture. Findings complement the growing body of knowledge to guide urban and landscape planners in choosing the most appropriate species to mitigate air quality in various urban contexts.

scholarly journals Good and bad lettuce leaf microbes? Unravelling the genetic architecture of the microbiome to inform plant breeding for enhanced food safety and reduced food waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Damerum ◽  
Elizabeth C Arnold ◽  
Villo Bernad ◽  
Hazel K Smith ◽  
Gail Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome

Lettuce is a high value food crop, consumed raw around the world. Engineering of the leaf microbiome could provide significant benefits for enhanced crop yield and stress resistance and help to reduce food waste caused by microbial spoilage. Lettuce leaves also act as a vector for human pathogens, implicated in several high-profile food-borne disease outbreaks. Since host genotype helps determine microbiome composition, we hypothesize that leaf surface traits can be defined that associate with "good" bacterial microbiomes providing benefits to the crop and that "bad" microbiomes, where spoilage organisms and human pathogens are abundant, can also be associated to underlying leaf genetics, providing key targets for future crop breeding. Using a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population, we show that cultivated and wild parental genotypes differ with reduced bacterial diversity, larger leaves and fewer, larger stomata, smaller epidermal cells and more hydrophilic leaf surfaces found in the cultivated compared to wild lettuce. Functional analysis of the associated microbiome revealed increased abundance of genes associated with disease virulence for the cultivated lettuce genotype, suggesting domestication has had broad impacts on leaf and associated bacterial microbiome traits. We defined the core lettuce bacterial microbiome from 171 RILs, comprised of 45 taxa in the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Deinococcus-Thermus. Leaf surface characteristics important in influencing bacterial diversity and abundance were identified as stomatal size (length and width), epidermal cell area and number and leaf surface hydrophobicity of the abaxial leaf surface. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf surface traits, frequently mapped alongside those for the extended phenotype of bacterial taxa abundance, including for human pathogens Campylobacter spp., Escherichia-Shigella spp., Clostridium spp. (LG 4, 5 and 6) and spoilage bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. (LG 1, 3, 4, 6 and 9). Candidate genes underlying these QTL were enriched in GO terms for cell wall assembly and modification, defence response, hormone-mediated signalling and biosynthesis and anatomical structure development. This work provides the first insight into the genetic architecture of host surface traits in a leafy crop alongside the mapped genetic architecture of bacterial communities and has identified areas of the lettuce genome as important targets for future microbiome engineering.

Different leaf surface characteristics of three grape cultivars affect leaf optical properties as measured with fibre optics: possible implication in stress tolerance

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Karabourniotis ◽  
J. F. Bornman ◽  
V. Liakoura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Fibre Optics ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Young leaves of three grape cultivars having different surface characteristics (cv. Athiri, pubescent; cv. Soultanina, glabrous green; and cv. Fraoula, glabrous red-brown) only during the early stages of their development, were used to investigate the potential, differential effect of a trichome layer or a pigmented epidermis on the light microenvironment within the mesophyll. The penetration of forward propagated 310, 360 and 430 nm radiation into the leaf tissues was monitored using a quartz fibre-optic microprobe. The mesophyll of the young leaves of Athiri was much better protected from ultraviolet-A, ultraviolet-B and high visible radiation compared to the other two cultivars. Abaxial, as well as adaxial trichome layers attenuated almost all incident radiation at 310 nm and 360 nm and a considerable part of the blue light (430 nm). No significant differences in light attenuation from epidermal and mesophyll layers between the other two cultivars were observed. The adaxial epidermis of young and dehaired leaves of cv. Athiri was largely ineffective in absorbing the incident ultraviolet- B radiation. In addition, the dehaired lamina of such leaves exhibited 80% lower relative concentration of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds per leaf surface area, compared to leaves of similar ontogenetic stage in the cv. Soultanina. It is proposed that the occurrence of a dense trichome layer in young leaves, besides other proposed functions, may play a protective role against not only ultraviolet radiation damage, but also against high insolation. This protection could be advantageous under stress conditions during leaf development.

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