A novel, ?hidden? penicillin-induced death of staphylococci at high drug concentration, occurring earlier than murosome-mediated killing processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Giesbrecht ◽  
Thomas Kersten ◽  
Heinrich Maidhof ◽  
Dominique Kr�ger ◽  
Peter Bl�mel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Concentration

Evaluation of Paclitaxel Nanocrystals In Vitro and In Vivo

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Li ◽  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Lisha Wei ◽  
Aiping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Concentration ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery ◽  
Antitumor Evaluation ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractWe created a novel paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticle drug delivery system and compared this to acommercial injection preparation to evaluate the antitumor effects for both formulations in vivo and in vitro.PTXnanocrystals were 194.9 nm with potential of −29.6 mV. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that both formulations had similar effects and cytotoxicity was dose- and time-dependent.Pharmacodynamics indicated that the drug concentration at the tumor was greater with PTX nanocrystals compared to commercial injection (P<0.01) and that drug accumulated more and for a longer duration. In vivo antitumor evaluation indicated significant antitumor effects and low toxicity of PTX nanocrystals. Moreover, bioimaging indicated that the PTX retention time in MCF-7-bearing mice was longer, especially at the tumor site, and this high drug concentration was maintained for a long time.Overall, PTX nanocrystalsare feasible and superior to traditional injection formulation chemotherapy.

In vitro trans-scleral iontophoresis of methylprednisolone hemisuccinate with short application time and high drug concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 451 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pescina ◽  
D. Martini ◽  
P. Santi ◽  
C. Padula ◽  
L. Murtomäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Application Time ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Concentration

A novel, ``hidden'' penicillin-induced death of staphylococci at high drug concentration, occurring earlier than murosome-mediated killing processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-383
Author(s):  
P. Giesbrecht ◽  
T. Kersten ◽  
H. Maidhof ◽  
D. Kr�ger ◽  
P. Bl�mel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Concentration

Stimulatory effect of the 2-palmitamidoethyl ester of adenosine 5'-phosphate on the activity of rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-797
Author(s):  
Sixtus Hynie ◽  
Jiří Smrt
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Concentration

2-Palmitamidoethyl ester of adenosine 5'-phosphate (PEA-AMP) stimulates the rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase in relatively narrow range of high drug concentration. Mechanism of this effect seems to be analogous to that of cyclic AMP.

scholarly journals Nebulised Isotonic Hydroxychloroquine Aerosols for Potential Treatment of COVID-19

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Waiting Tai ◽  
Michael Yee Tak Chow ◽  
Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang ◽  
Patricia Tang ◽  
Igor Gonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
High Drug Concentration ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented pandemic that has severely impacted global public health and the economy. Hydroxychloroquine administered orally to COVID-19 patients was ineffective, but its antiviral and anti-inflammatory actions were observed in vitro. The lack of efficacy in vivo could be due to the inefficiency of the oral route in attaining high drug concentration in the lungs. Delivering hydroxychloroquine by inhalation may be a promising alternative for direct targeting with minimal systemic exposure. This paper reports on the characterisation of isotonic, pH-neutral hydroxychloroquine sulphate (HCQS) solutions for nebulisation for COVID-19. They can be prepared, sterilised, and nebulised for testing as an investigational new drug for treating this infection. The 20, 50, and 100 mg/mL HCQS solutions were stable for at least 15 days without refrigeration when stored in darkness. They were atomised from Aerogen Solo Ultra vibrating mesh nebulisers (1 mL of each of the three concentrations and, in addition, 1.5 mL of 100 mg/mL) to form droplets having a median volumetric diameter of 4.3–5.2 µm, with about 50–60% of the aerosol by volume < 5 µm. The aerosol droplet size decreased (from 4.95 to 4.34 µm) with increasing drug concentration (from 20 to 100 mg/mL). As the drug concentration and liquid volume increased, the nebulisation duration increased from 3 to 11 min. The emitted doses ranged from 9.1 to 75.9 mg, depending on the concentration and volume nebulised. The HCQS solutions appear suitable for preclinical and clinical studies for potential COVID-19 treatment.

scholarly journals Mucoadhesive drug delivery system: an overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parijat Pandey ◽  
Manisha Saini ◽  
Neeta .
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Drug Concentration ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Prolonged Retention

The major objective of any dosage form is to deliver an optimum therapeutic amount of active agent to the proper site in the body to attain constant & maintenance of the desired drug concentration. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are effective delivery systems with various advantages as compared to other oral controlled release dosage forms in terms of drug delivery at specific sites with prolonged retention time of drugs at target sites. The main advantage of these systems includes avoiding first pass metabolism of the drugs and hence availability of high drug concentration at target site. Oral mucoadhesive systems have potential ability for controlled and extended release profile so as to get better performance and patient compliance. The present manuscript briefly reviews the benefits of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion, different factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.

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