Young adults' perceptions of social sex roles across the life span

Sex Roles ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Minnigerode ◽  
Judith A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sex Roles

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON RHIZOGLYPHUS ECHINOPUS (FUMOUZE AND ROBIN) AND ALEUROGLYPHUS OVATUS (TROUPEAU) (ACARI: ACARIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Boczek ◽  
Dorota Jaminska ◽  
William A. Bruce ◽  
Robert Davis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Higher Doses

Eggs, inert deutonymphs and young, virgin adults of Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze and Robin) and Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) were treated with 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 krad of gamma radiation. Fecundity, egg viability, oviposition period, survival of developmental stages, and longevity of females were compared. Doses ≥ 40 krad completely inhibited egg development. Eggs of A. ovatus were more resistant to gamma radiation than those of R. echinopus. The effect of irradiation on the inert deutonymphs was more detrimental than it was on young adults. Effect of irradiation on the life span of females of both species was stimulatory at doses of up to 60 krad and inhibitory at higher doses. The oviposition period varied inversely with the irradiation dose. Irradiation with 5 krad caused, in both mite species, at least a 50% decrease in fecundity.

Life-Span Development of Odor Identification, Learning, and Olfactory Sensitivity

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S Cain ◽  
Joseph C Stevens ◽  
Connie M Nickou ◽  
Amy Giles ◽  
Ingrid Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Odor Learning ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

In the first of three studies, children (aged 8 to 14 years) were found to perform worse than young and middle-aged adults in unprompted identification of odors, with average performance much like that of elderly adults. Comparisons on other tasks, specifically odor threshold, prompted odor identification, and object naming (Boston Naming Test), across the life span (five groups) revealed that children have the same excellent olfactory sensitivity as young adults and merely lack odor-specific knowledge that accumulates slowly through life. Such knowledge apparently accumulates so slowly that age-associated discriminative losses, measurable by early middle age, begin to wear away gains obtained through experience before odors can become overlearned. In the second study, a novel adaptive psychophysical method, the step procedure, confirmed the equivalent sensitivity of children and young adults. In the third study, a paired-associate task illustrated the sluggish course of odor learning. Young adults outperformed children, though the youngest group, first graders, made up ground relatively fast. For children and adults, common odors facilitated performance relative to novel odors. The outcome highlighted the relevance of semantic factors in odor learning irrespective of age.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in human emotional egocentricity: evidence from multi-level neuroimaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Riva ◽  
Melanie Lenger ◽  
Martin Kronbichler ◽  
Claus Lamm ◽  
Giorgia Silani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Egocentric Bias ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractEmotional egocentric bias (EEB) occurs when, due to a partial failure in self-other distinction, empathy for another’s emotions is influenced by our own emotional state. Recent studies have demonstrated that this bias is higher in children, adolescents and older adults than in young adults. In the latter, overcoming emotional egocentrism has been associated with significant activity in the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG), as well as increased connectivity between rSGM and somatosensory and visual cortices. Investigations on the neural correlates of EEB in adolescents and older adults are missing. We filled this gap, by asking female participants from three different age groups (adolescents, young adults and older adults, N=92) to perform a well-validated EEB task (Silani et al., 2013) in an MRI scanner. A multi-level analysis approach of MRI data including functional segregation, effective connectivity and structural analyses was adopted. Results revealed higher EEB in older compared to young adults and a comparable EEB in adolescents and young adults. Age-related differences in EEB were associated with differences in task-related rSMG connectivity with somatosensory cortices, especially with S2, which acted as a partial mediator between age and EEB. These findings provide further evidence for the crucial role of the rSMG in self-other distinction in the emotional domain, and suggest that the age-related decline in overcoming EEB is best explained by changes in rSMG connectivity rather than decreased regional activity in that area. This advocates a more systematic investigation of task-related connectivity in studies on aging and life-span development of social-cognitive phenomena.Significance StatementEmpathy comprises both the ability to identify and share another’s emotional state, and the ability to disentangle one’s own from the other’s emotional state. When self- and other-related emotions are conflicting, empathy might be negatively influenced by egocentric tendencies. This phenomenon is referred to as emotional egocentric bias (EEB), with previous research showing that its extent changes across the life-span. Here, we provide evidence that age-related differences in EEB are mainly associated with age-related changes in rSMG effective connectivity, and in particular that higher EEB in older adults is associated to lower rSMG effective connectivity with somatosensory cortices. These findings suggest the importance, particularly in aging, of intact functional connectivity for optimal socio-cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Health issues in young adults with cerebral palsy: Towards a life-span perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Hilberink ◽  
ME Roebroeck ◽  
W Nieuwstraten ◽  
L Jalink ◽  
JMA Verheijden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Health Issues

Frequency of Public Smiling across the Life Span

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1326-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Chapell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

This study of the frequency of public smiling in a sample of 15,824 children, adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults yielded a significant decrease in public smiling across age groups. Females smiled significantly more than males.

scholarly journals Body mass index is negatively associated with telomere length: a collaborative cross-sectional meta-analysis of 87 observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marij Gielen ◽  
Geja J Hageman ◽  
Evangelia E Antoniou ◽  
Katarina Nordfjall ◽  
Massimo Mangino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Pooled Sample ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT Background Even before the onset of age-related diseases, obesity might be a contributing factor to the cumulative burden of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation throughout the life course. Obesity may therefore contribute to accelerated shortening of telomeres. Consequently, obese persons are more likely to have shorter telomeres, but the association between body mass index (BMI) and leukocyte telomere length (TL) might differ across the life span and between ethnicities and sexes. Objective A collaborative cross-sectional meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate the associations between BMI and TL across the life span. Design Eighty-seven distinct study samples were included in the meta-analysis capturing data from 146,114 individuals. Study-specific age- and sex-adjusted regression coefficients were combined by using a random-effects model in which absolute [base pairs (bp)] and relative telomere to single-copy gene ratio (T/S ratio) TLs were regressed against BMI. Stratified analysis was performed by 3 age categories (“young”: 18–60 y; “middle”: 61–75 y; and “old”: >75 y), sex, and ethnicity. Results Each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a −3.99 bp (95% CI: −5.17, −2.81 bp) difference in TL in the total pooled sample; among young adults, each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a −7.67 bp (95% CI: −10.03, −5.31 bp) difference. Each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a −1.58 × 10−3 unit T/S ratio (0.16% decrease; 95% CI: −2.14 × 10−3, −1.01 × 10−3) difference in age- and sex-adjusted relative TL in the total pooled sample; among young adults, each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a −2.58 × 10−3 unit T/S ratio (0.26% decrease; 95% CI: −3.92 × 10−3, −1.25 × 10−3). The associations were predominantly for the white pooled population. No sex differences were observed. Conclusions A higher BMI is associated with shorter telomeres, especially in younger individuals. The presently observed difference is not negligible. Meta-analyses of longitudinal studies evaluating change in body weight alongside change in TL are warranted.

Overview and Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-64
Author(s):  
Melvin Delgado
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Political Spectrum

Gun violence often elicits strong reactions across a wide social-economic-political spectrum and touches all of us either directly or indirectly. Gun violence, as it manifests itself in our urban centers, represents the death of an American dream for countless youth and young adults, primarily young people of color, across the nation’s cities and communities. Simply put, a life span must extend beyond age 18. Living long enough to graduate from high school is a nightmare disguised as a dream. Unfortunately, we mourn his death because we are unable to celebrate his life and the potential future contributions he and others like him will simply not make because their lives were cut short or because their health is compromised due to a bullet. His family, and countless other families, are left to pick up the pieces left behind by gun violence.

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