Fecal streptococci recoveries in different marine areas

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Volterra ◽  
Lucia Bonadonna ◽  
FrancescaAnna Aulicino
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Marine Areas

Microbial Quality of Human Wastes and Treatment Plant Effluent

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawamura ◽  
M. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

In order to evaluate the microbial quality of human wastes and effluents from treatment processes, the microbial flora of samples was examined. Total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were used as indicator micro-organisms, and Vibrio cholerae non O-1, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Welchii (Clostridium perfrigens) were selected as pathogenic organisms. Salmonella was detected in only the water samples from the night soil treatment plant, while Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the night soil and the samples from the night soil purification tanks. Vibrio cholerae non 0-1 was not detected in any samples, but Welchii existed in almost all samples. Generally, the density levels and distribution patterns of the indicator micro-organisms were similar to those in the raw wastewaters. The microbial flora was not changed remarkably after the primary sedimentation process and the biological treatment process. After the chlorination process, total colonies, spore-forming bacteria, Welchii, moulds and fecal streptococci could survive, and spore-forming bacteria formed the majority of the total colonies in the well-chlorinated effluents. Welchii at the level of 103/100 ml can be used as the indicator micro-organism to ensure a sanitary safe discharge, because it can survive at the level of 103−104/100 ml even if other indicators and pathogenic micro-organisms are inactivated completely by the chlorination process.

scholarly journals Impact of Tourist Behavior on the Discharge of Sunscreen Contamination in Aquatic Parks, Sinkholes, and Beaches of the Mexican Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6882
Author(s):  
Diego Armando Casas-Beltrán ◽  
Karelys Febles-Moreno ◽  
Emely Hernandez-Yac ◽  
Courtney Maloof Gallaher ◽  
Jesús Alvarado-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Riviera Maya

The Mexican Caribbean is part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, considered the second largest reef system globally. This system, as well as inland aquatic ecosystems, are at risk of contamination due to the intensive use of sunscreen by the tourists who visit the Riviera Maya each year. At present, the regulation and management of sunscreens are inconsistent, with most policies and legislation focused on the protected marine areas with little current focus on inland aquatic ecosystems. An estimated 229.76 tons of sunscreen are used annually, with residues putting the health of the marine and freshwater aquatic ecosystems and residents at risk. Groundwater is used recreationally (e.g., tourists swimming in sinkholes or cenotes) and as household drinking water. To understand the environmental impacts of sunscreen use and the management implications, a mixed-methods study was carried out, combining survey and interview data on how tourists use sunscreen and their perceptions of discharge of sunscreens into the water, with analysis of regional, national and international policies and legislation. Our findings of touristic behaviors, gaps in current legislation, and the pollution implications of different sunscreen types provide useful information for future decision-making and the creation of stronger environmental regulations.

scholarly journals Autonomous Marine Robot Based on AI Recognition for Permanent Surveillance in Marine Protected Areas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2664
Author(s):  
J. Carlos Molina-Molina ◽  
Marouane Salhaoui ◽  
Antonio Guerrero-González ◽  
Mounir Arioua
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Autonomous Surface Vehicle ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Marine Areas

The world’s oceans are one of the most valuable sources of biodiversity and resources on the planet, although there are areas where the marine ecosystem is threatened by human activities. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are distinctive spaces protected by law due to their unique characteristics, such as being the habitat of endangered marine species. Even with this protection, there are still illegal activities such as poaching or anchoring that threaten the survival of different marine species. In this context, we propose an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) model system for the surveillance of marine areas by detecting and recognizing vessels through artificial intelligence (AI)-based image recognition services, in search of those carrying out illegal activities. Cloud and edge AI computing technologies were used for computer vision. These technologies have proven to be accurate and reliable in detecting shapes and objects for which they have been trained. Azure edge and cloud vision services offer the best option in terms of accuracy for this task. Due to the lack of 4G and 5G coverage in offshore marine environments, it is necessary to use radio links with a coastal base station to ensure communications, which may result in a high response time due to the high latency involved. The analysis of on-board images may not be sufficiently accurate; therefore, we proposed a smart algorithm for autonomy optimization by selecting the proper AI technology according to the current scenario (SAAO) capable of selecting the best AI source for the current scenario in real time, according to the required recognition accuracy or low latency. The SAAO optimizes the execution, efficiency, risk reduction, and results of each stage of the surveillance mission, taking appropriate decisions by selecting either cloud or edge vision models without human intervention.

The EU Influence on Norwegian Domestic Legislation for the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Johansen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In the last several decades, the European Union (EU) has demonstrated its intention to play an important role in supporting Arctic cooperation and helping to meet the challenges now facing the region. Norway, one of the five Arctic coastal states, and the EU have cooperated closely in this regard, particularly through the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA Agreement). This article examines how Norway’s domestic legislation applicable to its Arctic marine areas has been influenced by the development of EU environmental legislation. Specifically, this paper provides a discussion and analysis of the relevant Norwegian laws and mechanisms used to regulate how EU environmental legislation has been incorporated into Norway’s domestic legislation through the EEA Agreement.

Relative importance of protozoan functional groups in three marine sublittoral areas

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Fernandez-Leborans
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Protozoan Species ◽  
Significant Factors

The composition in terms of protozoan functional groups of three sublittoral areas (Castro Urdiales, Santoña and Isla) in the Cantabrian Sea was analysed. The different protozoan species were identified, and their density and biomass was measured. The pigmented protozoa were the most important group in the three areas throughout the year, followed by the bacterivores in Castro Urdiales and Santoña, and the non-selectives in Isla. Bacterivores constituted the most significant group in terms of biomass, after which came that of non-selectives. The parameters with the strongest influence on distribution in functional groups (respect to biomass) were pH, phosphate, organic matter and bacterial biomass, other significant factors being salinity, nitrate and mean grain size. Functional groups expressed as number of species were affected principally by phosphate, pH and, to a lesser extent, temperature and salinity. Statistical analysis using the present data, data regarding functional groups from previous studies in the same areas, and data from other areas, indicate that marine areas show similar characteristics. In the areas covered by the present study, there was a decrease in the number of algivore species and a rise in non-selective species, while bacterivores and pigmented protozoa maintained similar values. In comparison, freshwater areas showed noticeably lower percentages of algivore species and a significantly higher number of bacterivore species.

A Social–Ecological Systems Approach to Assessing Conservation and Fisheries Outcomes in Fijian Locally Managed Marine Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy D. Jupiter ◽  
Graham Epstein ◽  
Natalie C. Ban ◽  
Sangeeta Mangubhai ◽  
Margaret Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Marine Areas
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