scholarly journals Inhibition of the ?-glucosidase specific for collagen disaccharide units in diabetic rat kidney by in vivo glucose levels: possible contribution to basement membrane thickening

Diabetologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sternberg ◽  
J. Andre ◽  
J. Peyroux
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Basement Membrane Thickening

scholarly journals Enalapril retards glomerular basement membrane thickening and albuminuria in the diabetic rat

Diabetologia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Cooper ◽  
T. J. Allen ◽  
P. A. Macmillan ◽  
B. E. Clarke ◽  
G. Jerums ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Basement Membrane Thickening ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane Thickening

scholarly journals Anti-Allergic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Chasmanthe aethiopica Leaf Extract and Its Profiling Using LC/MS and GLC/MS

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Iriny M. Ayoub ◽  
Michal Korinek ◽  
Mohamed El-Shazly ◽  
Bernhard Wetterauer ◽  
Hesham A. El-Beshbishy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study aims to comprehensively explore the phytoconstituents as well as investigate the different biological activities of Chasmanthe aethiopica (Iridaceae) for the first time. Metabolic profiling of the leaf methanol extract of C. aethiopica (CAL) was carried out using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. Twenty-nine compounds were annotated belonging to various phytochemical classes including organic acids, cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and fatty acids. Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside was the major compound identified. GLC/MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction (CAL-A) resulted in the identification of 45 compounds with palmitic acid (16.08%) and methyl hexadecanoic acid ester (11.91%) representing the major constituents. CAL-A exhibited a potent anti-allergic activity as evidenced by its potent inhibition of β-hexosaminidase release triggered by A23187 and IgE by 72.7% and 48.7%, respectively. Results were comparable to that of dexamethasone (10 nM) in the A23187 degranulation assay showing 80.7% inhibition for β-hexosaminidase release. Both the n-hexane (CAL-A) and dichloromethane (CAL-B) fractions exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity manifested by the significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and prohibition of elastase release. CAL showed anti-hyperglycemic activity in vivo using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model by reducing fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) by 53.44% as compared with STZ-treated rats along with a substantial increase in serum insulin by 22.22%. Molecular modeling studies indicated that dicaffeoylquinic acid showed the highest fitting with free binding energies (∆G) of −47.24 and −60.50 Kcal/mol for human α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively confirming its anti-hyperglycemic activity. Thus, C. aethiopica leaf extract could serve as an effective antioxidant natural remedy combating inflammation, allergy, and hyperglycemia.

Deficient renal 20-HETE release in the diabetic rat is not the result of oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. H2305-H2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
John Quilley
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Control

We confirmed that release of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from the isolated perfused kidney of diabetic rats is greatly reduced compared with age-matched control rats. The present studies were undertaken to examine potential mechanisms for the deficit in renal 20-HETE in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes of 3–4 wk duration. A role for oxidative stress was excluded, inasmuch as treatment of diabetic rats with tempol, an SOD mimetic, for 4 wk did not affect the renal release of 20-HETE. Similarly, chronic inhibition of nitric oxide formation with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or aldose reductase with zopolrestat failed to alter the release of 20-HETE from the diabetic rat kidney. Inasmuch as 20-HETE may be metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), the expression/activity of which is increased in diabetes, we included indomethacin in the perfusate of the isolated kidney to inhibit COX but found no effect on 20-HETE release. Diabetic rats were treated for 3 wk with fenofibrate to increase expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP4A) in an attempt to find an intervention that would restore release of 20-HETE from the diabetic rat kidney. However, fenofibrate reduced 20-HETE release in diabetic and control rat kidneys but increased expression of CYP4A. Only insulin treatment of diabetic rats for 2 wk to reverse the hyperglycemia and maintain blood glucose levels at <200 mg/dl reversed the renal deficit in 20-HETE. We conclude that oxidative stress, increased aldose reductase activity, or increased COX activity does not contribute to the renal deficit of 20-HETE in diabetes, which may be directly related to insulin deficiency.

Angiotensin II blockade prevents hyperglycemia-induced activation of JAK and STAT proteins in diabetic rat kidney glomeruli

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. F653-F659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K. Banes ◽  
Séan Shaw ◽  
John Jenkins ◽  
Heather Redd ◽  
Farhad Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
Jak2 Inhibitor

Clinical and animal studies show that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or ANG II-receptor antagonists slows progression of nephropathy in diabetes, indicating ANG II plays an important role in its development. We previously reported that hyperglycemia augments both ANG II-induced growth and activation of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins in cultured rat mesangial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase enzyme JAK2 plays a key role in both ANG II- and hyperglycemia-induced growth in these cells. We hypothesized that the ACE inhibitor captopril and the ANG II-receptor antagonist candesartan would hinder hyperglycemic-induced activation of JAK and STAT proteins in rat glomeruli, demonstrating that ANG II plays an important role in the activation of these proteins in vivo. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg iv) or vehicle, and glomeruli were isolated 2 wk later. Activation of JAK and STAT proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis for specific tyrosine phosphorylation. Groups of rats were given captopril (75–85 mg·kg-1·day-1), candesartan (10 mg· kg-1·day-1), or the JAK2 inhibitor AG-490 (5 mg·kg-1·day-1) for the study's duration. STZ stimulated glomerular phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5. Phosphorylation was reduced in rats treated with captopril, candesartan, and AG-490. Furthermore, both candesartan and AG-490 inhibited STZ-induced increases in urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that hyperglycemia induces activation of JAK2 and the STATs in vivo via an ANG II-dependent mechanism and that these proteins may be involved in the early kidney damage associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antihyperglycemic Effect of N-butanol Leaves Extracts of Iraqi Fumaria parviflora in Alloxan-prompt Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Enas Jawad Kadheem ◽  
Omar Hussein Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Objective: In this research, we evaluated the antihyperglycemic effect of leaves of Fumaria parviflora (F. parviflora) and implied mechanisms by using in vivo models of hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were applied for the research. Soxhlet ethanolic extract of leaves of F. parviflora (EFP ) was prepared. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were orally remedied with the extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day), metformin (200 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. Another animal received only extract, alloxan (diabetic control) or vehicle (control). Results:  pretreatment effect of plant extract on blood glucose levels of diabetic rats Blood glucose levels in all extract pretreated groups was lower (p<0.05) when compared with the levels in rats that received alloxan alone, Rats that we are treated with plant extract had normal blood glucose levels that ranged for 73.00±1.5 to76.00±0.54 mg/dl at the beginning (first day) of experiment. Blood glucose levels in these animals declined during the period of extract administration, but the values obtained were not significant compared to control excluded those that were obtained on the 14th day, p < 0.05 Conclusion: Leaves of F. parviflora possess blood glucose-lowering effects  In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic  Rat, The findings of a study indicated that F. parviflora has a significant hypoglycemic effect on Alloxan-induced diabetic rats with no effects in blood glucose levels of normal rats.

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