scholarly journals Role of ovarian hormones in the long-term control of glucose homeostasis

Diabetologia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bailey ◽  
H. Ahmed-Sorour
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Ovarian Hormones

Role of Ovarian Hormones in the Long-Term Control of Glucose Homeostasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ahmed-Sorour ◽  
C.J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Ovarian Hormones

scholarly journals Meal Timing and Glycemic Control during Pregnancy—Is There a Link?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3379
Author(s):  
Shengjie Zhu ◽  
Prasanth Surampudi ◽  
Nancy T. Field ◽  
Maria Chondronikola
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Meal Time

Hyperglycemia during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitute an important public health problem due to their prevalence and long-term health consequences both for the mother and offspring. Results from studies in rodents and some clinical investigations suggest that meal time manipulation may be a potential lifestyle approach against conditions involving perturbations in glucose homeostasis (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.). The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of meal timing and daily nutrient distribution on glycemic control during pregnancy. Only a small number of mostly observational studies have assessed the role of meal timing in glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. Food consumption earlier in the day and short-term fasting with adequate nutrient intake may improve glycemic control during the second and third trimester of gestation. Considering that the field of chrononutrition is still in its infancy and many questions remain unanswered, future prospective and carefully designed studies are needed to better understand the role of meal timing in metabolic homeostasis and maternal and fetal health outcomes during pregnancy.

Chronic antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin: role of CNS and increased adrenergic activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. R1275-R1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. da Silva ◽  
Lakshmi S. Tallam ◽  
Jiankang Liu ◽  
John E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cardiovascular Actions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adrenergic Activity

This study examined the importance of direct central nervous system (CNS) actions and increased adrenergic activity in mediating the chronic antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin. Insulin-deficient rats (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg) were used to examine the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis independent of changes in insulin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with arterial and venous catheters and intracerebroventricular cannula for 24-h/day blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) monitoring and intravenous and intracerebroventricular infusions. Insulin-deficient diabetes was associated with marked hyperglycemia, hyperphagia, decreased BP, and pronounced fall in HR. Leptin treatment, intravenous or intracerebroventricular, completely restored to control values plasma glucose levels (384 ± 58 to 102 ± 28 and 307 ± 38 to 65 ± 7 mg/dl, respectively), food intake, BP, and HR (304 ± 8 to 364 ± 7 and 317 ± 13 to 423 ± 9 bpm, respectively). Combined blockade of α1-, β1-, and β2-adrenergic receptors attenuated the rise in HR by 30 to 50% but had no effect on the antidiabetic and dietary actions of leptin. Blockade of β3-adrenergic receptors did not attenuate the chronic cardiovascular or metabolic effects of leptin. These data demonstrate that leptin, via its direct actions in the CNS, has powerful antidiabetic actions in insulin-deficient rats independent of increased peripheral α1, β1, β2, and β3-adrenergic activity. Leptin also exerts important long-term cardiovascular actions that are partially mediated via α1- and β1/β2-adrenergic activation. These findings provide new insights into novel pathways for long-term control of glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation.

scholarly journals A causal role for hyperinsulinemia in obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. R173-R183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Templeman ◽  
Søs Skovsø ◽  
Melissa M Page ◽  
Gareth E Lim ◽  
James D Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Function Models ◽  
New Evidence

Insulin modulates the biochemical pathways controlling lipid uptake, lipolysis and lipogenesis at multiple levels. Elevated insulin levels are associated with obesity, and conversely, dietary and pharmacological manipulations that reduce insulin have occasionally been reported to cause weight loss. However, the causal role of insulin hypersecretion in the development of mammalian obesity remained controversial in the absence of direct loss-of-function experiments. Here, we discuss theoretical considerations around the causal role of excess insulin for obesity, as well as recent studies employing mice that are genetically incapable of the rapid and sustained hyperinsulinemia that normally accompanies a high-fat diet. We also discuss new evidence demonstrating that modest reductions in circulating insulin prevent weight gain, with sustained effects that can persist after insulin levels normalize. Importantly, evidence from long-term studies reveals that a modest reduction in circulating insulin is not associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, meaning that body weight and lipid homeostasis are actually more sensitive to small changes in circulating insulin than glucose homeostasis in these models. Collectively, the evidence from new studies on genetic loss-of-function models forces a re-evaluation of current paradigms related to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. The potential for translation of these findings to humans is briefly discussed.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) outcome at long-term follow-up and the role of elective neurosurgical approach: A report of 22 cases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Menegazzo ◽  
Melissa Rosa Rizzotto ◽  
Martina Bua ◽  
Luisa Pinello ◽  
Elisabetta Tono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

The Second Start of Transformation in Ukraine?

2014 ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grigoryev ◽  
E. Buryak ◽  
A. Golyashev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Political Turmoil

The Ukrainian socio-economic crisis has been developing for years and resulted in the open socio-political turmoil and armed conflict. The Ukrainian population didn’t meet objectives of the post-Soviet transformation, and people were disillusioned for years, losing trust in the state and the Future. The role of workers’ remittances in the Ukrainian economy is underestimated, since the personal consumption and stability depend strongly on them. Social inequality, oligarchic control of key national assets contributed to instability as well as regional disparity, aggravated by identity differences. Economic growth is slow due to a long-term underinvestment, and prospects of improvement are dependent on some difficult institutional reforms, macro stability, open external markets and the elites’ consensus. Recovering after socio-economic and political crisis will need not merely time, but also governance quality improvement, institutions reform, the investment climate revival - that can be attributed as the second transformation in Ukraine.

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