Acute effects of felodipine and nifedipine on hepatic and forearm blood flow in healthy men

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson-Hasselgren ◽  
O. R�nn ◽  
L. -O. Blychert ◽  
B. Edgar ◽  
S. Raner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Healthy Men

Comparison of Static and Placebo Magnets on Resting Forearm Blood Flow in Young, Healthy Men

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory F. Martel ◽  
Steven C. Andrews ◽  
Christopher G. Roseboom
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Men

Acute haemodynamic effects of lipolysis-induced increase of free fatty acids in healthy men

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. KEARNEY ◽  
Philip J. CHOWIENCZYK ◽  
Sally E. BRETT ◽  
Angela SUTCLIFFE ◽  
James M. RITTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Arterial Blood

Circulating free fatty acids (FFA) are elevated in subjects with insulin resistance and Type II diabetes, and increase during myocardial ischaemia, but their haemodynamic effects are incompletely understood. During an investigation of the effects of FFA on endothelial function, we administered lipid emulsion (150mgċmin-1 of soybean oil) with heparin (0.2 unitċkg-1ċmin-1) intravenously to eight healthy men for 2h. This increased circulating FFA to 3.1±0.5mmol/l. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography during brachial artery infusions of saline, acetylcholine and nitroprusside before, and at 1 and 2h. Lipid/heparin infusion had no significant effect on vasodilation to nitroprusside but progressively increased responses to acetylcholine (from 6.3±2.0 during 30μgċmin-1 before-lipid infusion to 7.9±1.3 at 1h and 12.2±1.1mlċmin-1ċ100ml-1 at 2h, P < 0.001). Basal flow increased from 2.7±0.7 to 4.7±0.8mlċmin-1ċ100ml-1 from 0 to 2h. We performed a second study to clarify this effect on basal blood flow. Healthy men (n = 8) received, on separate occasions, 4h intravenous infusions of lipid emulsion with heparin and, as a control, saline with heparin. Lipid with heparin increased mean arterial blood pressure (maximum increment 8.2±2.7mmHg, P < 0.01 compared with saline/heparin control) and forearm blood flow (from 1.7±0.2 to 2.9±0.3mlċmin-1ċ100ml-1, P < 0.01) without a significant effect on heart rate, and reduced calculated forearm vascular resistance (from 49.1±5.4 to 31.3±3.9 arbitrary units, P < 0.01). In conclusion, acute elevation of FFA in healthy men increases arterial blood pressure and reduces vascular resistance. These haemodynamic changes could be clinically relevant.

Heterogeneous vasodilator responses of human limbs: influence of age and habitual endurance training

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. H308-H315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Newcomer ◽  
Urs A. Leuenberger ◽  
Cynthia S. Hogeman ◽  
David N. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Forearm endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired with age in sedentary, but not endurance-trained, men. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether these age- and physical activity-related differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation also occur in the leg. Brachial and common femoral arterial blood flow were measured with Doppler ultrasound during increasing doses of acetylcholine (1, 4, and 16 μg·100 ml limb tissue−1·min−1), substance P (8, 31, and 125 pg·100 ml limb tissue−1·min−1), and sodium nitroprusside (0.063, 0.25, and 1 μg·100 ml limb tissue−1·min−1) in 23 healthy men (8 younger sedentary, 8 older sedentary, and 7 older endurance trained). Increases in forearm blood flow to the highest dose of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were smaller ( P < 0.05) in older sedentary (841 ± 142%, 428 ± 74%) compared with younger sedentary (1,519 ± 256%, 925 ± 163%) subjects. Similarly, increases in forearm blood flow to sodium nitroprusside (1 μg·100 ml limb tissue−1·min−1) were smaller ( P < 0.05) in older endurance-trained (505 ± 110%) compared with younger sedentary (925 ± 163%) subjects. In contrast, no differences in leg blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine, substance P, or sodium nitroprusside were noted between subject groups. These results demonstrate that 1) acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation are attenuated in the forearm vasculature and preserved in the leg vasculature of older sedentary subjects and 2) sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation remains attenuated in the forearm vasculature of healthy older endurance-trained men but preserved in the leg vasculature of these men.

scholarly journals New-Onset Diabetes, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients: An Illness-Event Model Analysis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Raffaele Maio ◽  
Edoardo Suraci ◽  
Benedetto Caroleo ◽  
Cristina Politi ◽  
Simona Gigliotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Baseline Status ◽  
Event Model ◽  
New Onset

Background. Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction are common findings in hypertensives, both predisposing to a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events. We designed this study to evaluate the role of endothelial dysfunction in three pathogenetic pathways: (1) from baseline to cardiovascular events, (2) from baseline to diabetes, and (3) from new-onset diabetes to cardiovascular events. Methods. We enrolled 653 Caucasian never-treated hypertensives. Endothelial dysfunction was investigated by strain-gauge plethysmography; incident diabetes and cardiovascular events were evaluated by an illness-event model analysis. Results. During the follow-up (median 113 months), we documented 191 new cardiovascular events and 92 new cases of diabetes. In a multiple Cox regression analysis, acetylcholine-stimulated forearm blood flow [100% decrease, hazard ratio: 2.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.72–3.40)] and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hazard ratio: 1.30 (95% confidence interval = 1.21–1.40)] had an independent association with cardiovascular outcomes. The incidence rate of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes-developer patients was higher than in the diabetes-free ones (34.9 vs. 2.5 events per 100 persons-year). In an illness-event model, a 100% decrease in forearm blood flow was associated with a 55.5% hazard ratio increase (hazard ratio: 1.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–1.82) of transition 1 (from baseline status to cardiovascular events) and to an almost doubled increase (hazard ratio: 2.54, 95% CI: 2.00–3.25) of the risk of transition 2 (from baseline status to diabetes). No such effects were found in transition 3 (from diabetes to cardiovascular events). Conclusions. Endothelial dysfunction plays a primary role in the pathways leading to diabetes and cardiovascular events in hypertensives. When diabetes is overt, endothelial dysfunction has no predictive value for subsequent cardiovascular events.

Failure of prostaglandins to modulate the time course of blood flow during dynamic forearm exercise in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1516-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Shoemaker ◽  
H. L. Naylor ◽  
Z. I. Pozeg ◽  
R. L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Forearm Exercise ◽  
Blind Manner ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Shoemaker, J. K., H. L. Naylor, Z. I. Pozeg, and R. L. Hughson. Failure of prostaglandins to modulate the time course of blood flow during dynamic forearm exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1516–1521, 1996.—The time course and magnitude of increases in brachial artery mean blood velocity (MBV; pulsed Doppler), diameter ( D; echo Doppler), mean perfusion pressure (MPP; Finapres), shear rate (γ˙ = 8 ⋅ MBV/ D), and forearm blood flow (FBF = MBV ⋅ π r 2) were assessed to investigate the effect that prostaglandins (PGs) have on the hyperemic response on going from rest to rhythmic exercise in humans. While supine, eight healthy men performed 5 min of dynamic handgrip exercise by alternately raising and lowering a 4.4-kg weight (∼10% maximal voluntary contraction) with a work-to-rest cycle of 1:1 (s/s). When the exercise was performed with the arm positioned below the heart, the rate of increase in MBV and γ˙ was faster compared with the same exercise performed above the heart. Ibuprofen (Ibu; 1,200 mg/day, to reduce PG-induced vasodilation) and placebo were administered orally for 2 days before two separate testing sessions in a double-blind manner. Resting heart rate was reduced in Ibu (52 ± 3 beats/min) compared with placebo (57 ± 3 beats/min) ( P < 0.05) without change to MPP. With placebo, D increased in both arm positions from ∼4.3 mm at rest to ∼4.5 mm at 5 min of exercise ( P < 0.05). This response was not altered with Ibu ( P > 0.05). Ibu did not alter the time course of MBV or forearm blood flow ( P > 0.05) in either arm position. The γ˙ was significantly greater in Ibu vs. placebo at 30 and 40 s of above the heart exercise and for all time points after 25 s of below the heart exercise ( P < 0.05). Because PG inhibition altered the time course ofγ˙ at the brachial artery, but not FBF, it was concluded that PGs are not essential in regulating the blood flow responses to dynamic exercise in humans.

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