Yield and growth responses of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in a semi-arid tropical environment to irrigation regimes based on leaf water potential

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Muchow ◽  
I.M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Semi Arid

The recovery of leaf water potential following burning of two droughted tropical pasture species

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Leaf Extension ◽  
Semi Arid

Following burning (day 0) of a water-stressed sward of green panic and siratro, measurements were made both on unburned plants and on regrowth of burned plants of leaf water potential (�s) and stomatal conductance (gs) at 1.00 p.m. and of leaf extension. In the unburned plants �s, remained low (-23 to -45 bar for green panic, and -14 to -18 bar for siratro), the stomata were closed and no growth occurred. In the burned plants of both species, however, �s on day 12 was -9 to -11 bars, the stomata were open and growth occurred, presumably because the complete defoliation allowed the plants to make use of a limited store of soil water at higher water potential. In green panic �s fell rapidly, and growth stopped after day 19, but �s and g, in siratro were still high on day 28. Burning of droughted native pastures is a common management practice in the semi-arid tropics of Australia. The data may explain how the pastures are able to make the new growth that frequently occurs.

Emerging effects of selected rhizosphere properties on transpiration and leaf water potential of two Zea mays L. genotypes in semi-arid environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Köhler ◽  
Daniel-Sebastian Moser ◽  
Ákos Botezatu ◽  
Jana Kholova ◽  
Andrea Carminati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stomatal Regulation ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>Understanding the mechanisms that control water use of plants exposed to soil drying and increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has important implications for crop growth in semi-arid regions with low-input agriculture. In particular, the effect of belowground processes on transpiration and stomatal regulation remains controversial. Objective of this study was to understand the role of soil properties and root hairs (as an example of rhizosphere traits) on transpiration and leaf water potential. We hypothesize that root hairs facilitate the water extraction from drying soils, particularly at high VPD, and that this impacts the relation between transpiration rate and leaf water potential. We further hypothesize that stomatal regulation attenuates the drop in leaf water potential when the soil water flow cannot match the transpiration demand and thus emphasizes the importance of root hairs on transpiration rates during soil drying.</p><p>We compared maize (Zea mays L.) with (wild-type) and without (mutant) root hairs in three different soil substrates (Alfisol, Vertisol and Sandy Soil). Transpiration and leaf water potential were monitored at varying VPD and soil moistures during soil drying. The hairless mutant showed a higher transpiration in wet soils but declined transpiration at greater water contents as compared to the wild-type. Under well-watered conditions, both genotypes had the highest transpiration rates in Vertisol. In Vertisol, both genotypes closed their stomata at relatively higher water content levels. The relation between transpiration and soil moisture strongly varied between soils. No obvious differences between the genotypes were visible in the relationship between leaf water potential and transpiration. This is explained by the prompt closure of stomata. This study provides experimental evidence of the strong link between stomatal regulation and soil-root hydraulic properties.</p>

Leaf water potential and leaf conductance during the growing season in almond trees under different irrigation regimes

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Ruiz-Sýnchez ◽  
A. Torrecillas ◽  
F. Del Amor ◽  
A. Leon ◽  
J. M. Abrisqueta
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Almond Trees

Transpiration rates of pine (Pinus brutia) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees in a Mediterranean mixed plantation forest 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Djuma ◽  
Adriana Bruggeman ◽  
Marinos Eliades ◽  
Panagiota Venetsanou ◽  
Christos Zoumides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>Mixed species forest stands have been advocated over monoculture stands for afforestation around the globe as they can be more resilient to pests and diseases. However, in arid and semi-arid regions, whether such forests are suitable for future climate conditions remains to be addressed. The overall objective of this study is to analyze ecohydrological processes of indigenous, drought-tolerant tree species in a Mediterranean mixed plantation forest. The specific objectives are i) to quantify transpiration of pine (<em>Pinus brutia</em>) and cypress (<em>Cupressus sempervirens</em>) trees and ii) to analyze the effects of environmental variables (meteorology and soil moisture) on transpiration. The study site is located in Athalassa Forest Park, in Cyprus. The site has a surface area of 10 ha with an average slope of 4%. Average annual rainfall is 315 mm with a mean daily minimum temperature of 5° C during winter and a mean daily maximum temperature of 37° C during summer. The site was converted in 2011 from rainfed agriculture to a mixed forest by planting seedlings of different tree and shrub species. The study site is located on two sedimentary formations: Athalassa (calcarenites interlayered with sandy marls) and Nicosia (siltstones and layers of calcarenites). Soil depths up to 1 m can be found on top of the impervious and semi-pervious strata. </p><p>The research field was stratified in two spatial geological units (strata). In each stratum, two <em>P. brutia</em> and two <em>C. sempervirens</em> trees were randomly selected (total eight trees) for sap flow monitoring with sensors (heat ratio method) attached to the tree trunks. In addition to the random trees, two representative (one per species) neighboring trees were selected where sap-flow sensors were installed and mid-day leaf water potential (pressure chamber) and stomatal conductance (porometer) were measured. Forty-five soil moisture sensors were installed between the representative trees at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm.</p><p>Data from November 2020 to January 2021 indicated that mean sap flow rate per tree (cm<sup>3</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) is higher for <em>C. sempervirens</em> (min: 161, max: 503) than <em>P. brutia </em>(min: 68, max: 266). Total rainfall during these months was 88 mm, most of which fell in three main rainfall events (between 20 and 30 mm per event). Mean soil moisture before rain (15-day average) was 5% for all soil depths. After the rain, soil moisture was 12% for 10 and 30 cm depths and 8% for 50 cm. The increase in soil moisture resulted in 1.6 times higher transpiration for <em>C. sempervirens</em> and 1.4 times higher transpiration for <em>P. brutia</em>. The leaf water potential of <em>C. sempervirens</em> increased from -2.6 MPa before the rain to -0.8 MPa after the rain, whereas it remained near -0.5 MPa for <em>P. brutia</em>. This research of the different plant water-use strategies can contribute to an improved selection of species for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions.</p><p>This research has received support from the Water JPI (Joint Call 2018) FLUXMED Project, funded through the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation.</p>

scholarly journals Physiological and Growth Responses of St. Augustinegrass Cultivars to Salinity

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Dudeck ◽  
C.H. Peacock ◽  
J.C. Wildmon
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Half Strength

Salt tolerance in grasses is needed due to increased restrictions on limited fresh water resources and to saltwater intrusion into groundwater. St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is used widely as a lawngrass in states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. We describe the response of four St. Augustinegrass cultivars to solution cultures differentially salinized with synthetic seawater. A sea salt mixture was added to half-strength Hoagland's No. 2 nutrient solution to provide six salinity treatments ranging from 1.1 to 41.5 dS·m-1. Adjustments in leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, and leaf turgor potential were measured as salt levels were increased gradually at 2-day intervals over 10 days. Salinity effects on growth of top, crown, and root of each cultivar were measured over 3 months. Turfgrasses differed in their response, but were consistent in adjustment in leaf water potential and in leaf turgor potential as salinity increased. Leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, and leaf turgor potential decreased linearly with increased salinity, but a positive turgor of 0.1 MPa was maintained at a salt concentration equal to that of seawater. `Seville', the most salt-tolerant St. Augustinegrass cultivar, exhibited a 50% reduction in top growth at 28.1 dS·m-1, while `Floratam', `Floratine', and `Floralawn' St. Augustinegrasses showed the same reduction in top growth at 22.8 dS·m-1. Differences between cultivars were greatest at salinity levels <10 dS·m-1, where `Seville' was twice as salt-tolerant compared to other cultivars. The grasses did not die, although top growth of all cultivars was severely reduced at a salt level equal to seawater.

Use of a Hydraulic Press for Estimation of Leaf Water Potential in Grain Sorghum 1

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Hicks ◽  
R. J. Lascano ◽  
C. W. Wendt ◽  
A. B. Onken
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Leaf Water

Sampling Error for Leaf Water Potential Measurements in Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johnson ◽  
H. T. Nguyen ◽  
R. W. McNew ◽  
D. M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements
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