Phylogenetic relationships in some diploid species of Triticineae: cytogenetic analysis of interspecific hybrids

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lucas ◽  
J. Jahier
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species

scholarly journals Phylogenomic Relationships of Diploids and the Origins of Allotetraploids in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie K Brandrud ◽  
Juliane Baar ◽  
Maria T Lorenzo ◽  
Alexander Athanasiadis ◽  
Richard M Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
Allopolyploid Speciation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Age Estimates

Abstract Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situation. Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) is a genus much affected by allopolyploid speciation and reticulate phylogenetic relationships. Here, we use genetic variation at tens of thousands of genomic positions to unravel the convoluted evolutionary history of Dactylorhiza. We first investigate circumscription and relationships of diploid species in the genus using coalescent and maximum likelihood methods, and then group 16 allotetraploids by maximum affiliation to their putative parental diploids, implementing a method based on genotype likelihoods. The direction of hybrid crosses is inferred for each allotetraploid using information from maternally inherited plastid RADseq loci. Starting from age estimates of parental taxa, the relative ages of these allotetraploid entities are inferred by quantifying their genetic similarity to the diploids and numbers of private alleles compared with sibling allotetraploids. Whereas northwestern Europe is dominated by young allotetraploids of postglacial origins, comparatively older allotetraploids are distributed further south, where climatic conditions remained relatively stable during the Pleistocene glaciations. Our bioinformatics approach should prove effective for the study of other naturally occurring, nonmodel, polyploid plant complexes.

Evidence for genetic suppression of heterogenetic chromosome pairing in polyploidy species of Solanum, sect. Petota

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Suppression ◽  
Solanum Sect ◽  
Paradoxical Results

Data on chromosome pairing in haploids and interspecific hybrids of Solanum, sect. Petota reported in the literature were used to determine whether the diploidlike chromosome pairing that occurs in some of the polyploid species of the section is regulated by the genotype or brought about by some other mechanism. The following trends emerged from these data. Most of the polyploid × polyploid hybrids had high numbers of univalents, which seemed to indicate that the polyploid species were constructed from diverse genomes. Haploids, except for those derived from S. tuberosum, had incomplete chromosome pairing. All hybrids from diploid × diploid crosses had more or less regular chromosome pairing, which suggested that all investigated diploid species have the same genome. Likewise, hybrids from polyploid × diploid crosses had high levels of chromosome pairing. These paradoxical results are best explained if it is assumed that (i) the genotypes of most polyploid species, but not those of the diploid species, suppress heterogenetic pairing, (ii) that nonstructural chromosome differentiation is present among the genomes of both diploid and polyploid species, and (iii) the presence of the genome of a diploid species in a polyploid × diploid hybrid results in promotion of heterogenetic pairing. It is, therefore, concluded that heterogenetic pairing in most of the polyploid species is genetically suppressed.

Evidence for the presence of an intercontinental genome in the Australian hexaploid alliance of Hibiscus Sect. Furcaria

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MY Menzel ◽  
DW Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South America ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New World ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Data Support ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Genomes of the G group in Hibiscus sect. Furcaria have been found previously in one African diploid species and in various ailoploid combinations in Africa, India and Sri Lanka, North and South America and the Hawaiian Islands. Study of 11 interspecific hybrids between the Australian species H. heterophyllus and H. splendens and G-genome testers indicates that genomes somewhat related to the G group are present in the Australian allohexaploid alliance. These genomes are designated G′. Several of the intercontinental hybrids studied were weak, inviable or morphologically abnormal. The data support the interpretation that the genomes of the Australian alliance have diverged more from African and New World genomes than the latter two have from each other.

Transferability of wheat microsatellites to diploid Aegilops species and determination of chromosomal localizations of microsatellites in the S genome

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
I G Adonina ◽  
E A Salina ◽  
E G Pestsova ◽  
M S Röder
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Overall, 253 genomic wheat (Triticum aestivum) microsatellite markers were studied for their transferability to the diploid species Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops longissima, and Aegilops searsii, representing the S genome. In total, 88% of all the analyzed primer pairs of markers derived from the B genome of hexaploid wheat amplified DNA fragments in the genomes of the studied species. The transferability of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of the T. aestivum A and D genomes totaled 74%. Triticum aestivum – Ae. speltoides, T. aestivum – Ae. longissima, and T. aestivum – Ae. searsii chromosome addition lines allowed us to determine the chromosomal localizations of 103 microsatellite markers in the Aegilops genomes. The majority of them were localized to homoeologous chromosomes in the genome of Aegilops. Several instances of nonhomoeologous localization of T. aestivum SSR markers in the Aegilops genome were considered to be either amplification of other loci or putative translocations. The results of microsatellite analysis were used to study phylogenetic relationships among the 3 species of the Sitopsis section (Ae. speltoides, Ae. longissima, and Ae. searsii) and T. aestivum. The dendrogram obtained generally reflects the current views on phylogenetic relationships among these species.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops searsii, microsatellite, SSR, chromosome addition lines, phylogeny.

Phylogenetic relationships of the monogenomic species of the wheat tribe, Triticeae (Poaceae), inferred from nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer) sequences

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hsiao ◽  
N. J. Chatterton ◽  
K. H. Asay ◽  
K. B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cytogenetic Evidence

Phylogenetic relationships of 30 diploid species of Triticeae (Poaceae) representing 19 genomes were estimated from the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The ITS sequence phylogeny indicated that: (i) each genome group of species is monophyletic, concordant with cytogenetic evidence; (ii) Hordeum (I) and Critesion (H) are basal; (iii) Australopyrum (W) is closely related to Agropyron (P); (iv) Peridictyon (G), Heteranthelium (Q), and Dasypyrum (V) are closely related to Pseudoroegneria (S); (v) most of the annuals, Triticum s.l. (A, B, D), Crithopsis (K), Taeniatherum (T), Eremopyrum (F), Henrardia (O), Secale (R), and two perennials, Thinopyrum (J) and Lophopyrum (E), all of Mediterranean origin, are a monophyletic group. However, phylogenetic trees based on morphology group these Mediteranean species with various perennial lineages of the Arctic-temperate region. The molecular data and biogeography of the tribe suggest that the Mediterranean lineage is derived from the Arctic-temperate lineage and that the two lineages have evolved in parallel. Extensive morphological parallelism apparently obscures the true genealogical history of the tribe when only morphology is considered.Key words: Poaceae, Triticeae, rDNA sequence, molecular phylogeny, parallel evolution.

Cytogenetics of Hybrids Among Perennial Species of Glycine Subgenus Glycine

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Putievsky ◽  
P Broue
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Tetraploid Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Fertilization

A cytogenetic analysis based on F1 hybrids of some of the perennial species of Glycine subgenus Glycine Verdc. shows that G. clandestina and G. canescens are closely related and further, that either one of these diploid species could have provided one genome for the tetraploid form of G. tomentella. On the other hand, it appears that G. falcata and G. tabacina are distinctive species which are not closely related to the other three species. The tetraploid form of G. tomentella is genetically heterogeneous and crosses between certain types yield F1s with low pollen stainability which fail to set seed under conditions of self-fertilization.

scholarly journals Aegilops × Secale hybrids: the production and cytology of diploid hybrids

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majisu ◽  
J. K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Genetic Mechanism ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

SUMMARYHybrids between four diploid species of Aegilops and species of Secale were obtained by using embryo culture. There was a marked incompatibility in the crosses between Secale species and each of the four species in Section Sitopsis of Aegilops and Ae. mutica. It is suggested that this genetic incompatibility with Secale species is an additional similarity between these species of Aegilops and the diploid species of Triticum.Most chromosomes of Aegilops (A) and Secale (S) are univalent during meta-anaphase of meiosis in these hybrids, but some appeared to associate and others to pair as apparently normal chiasmate bivalents. Analysis of non-chiasmate and chiasmate associations showed that the frequencies of autosyndetic (AA and SS) and allosyndetic (AS) associations fitted the 3AA: 7AS: 3SS ratio expected if association and pairing is at random. Any deviations from random involved a deficiency rather than an excess of Aegilops-Secale pairing. There is no evidence that the chromosomes of Secale are homologous with those of Ae. caudata, Ae. comosa and Ae. umbel-lulata, and it is suggested that the genome of Secale species does not show any homology with the genomes of the genera Aegilops. This does not preclude the presence of homologous segments. It is suggested that the possibility of random association of chromosomes should be considered when occasional pairing in interspecific hybrids is analysed, and that identification of chromosomes and recognition of chiasmata are required. The possibilities of chiasmata between non-homologous chromosomes, of a genetic mechanism in rye which suppresses the pairing of homoeologous chromosomes, and of other factors causing asynapsis and pseudo-synapsis between genetically similar chromosomes are discussed.

Allotetraploid behavior of hybrids of Medicago sativa L. and M. papillosa Boiss.

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
G. L. Quarisa
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Diploid (2n = 2x = 16), triploid (2n = 3x = 24), and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) interspecific hybrids between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and M. papillosa Boiss. were recovered either from seed (the triploid hybrids) or from ovule–embryo culture (the diploid and tetraploid hybrids). Cytogenetic analysis of diploid interspecific hybrids (with one genome of M. sativa, designated S, and one genome of M. papillosa, designated P), indicated significant genomic affinity, with an average of 7.6 bivalents and 0.8 univalents per pollen mother cell. In contrast, cytogenetic analysis of the triploid interspecific hybrids (with one S genome and two P genomes) indicated little if any genomic affinity between M. sativa and M. papillosa. In 7 of 14 triploid hybrids analyzed no trivalent configurations were observed, and in the other hybrids, trivalent frequency ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 per pollen mother cell. Tetraploid interspecific hybrids with two S and two P genomes had predominantly bivalent pairing. Based on the lack of homology of S and P genomes, the tetraploid hybrids are basically allotetraploids (SSPP). Therefore, backcross progeny from crossing the tetraploid hybrids with tetraploid M. sativa have the genomic constitution SSSP. Univalents and trivalents were observed in first backcross (BC1) progeny, as expected, based on an allotetraploid interpretation. Most of the BC1 progeny were partially or completely male sterile, and female fertility was significantly reduced. Potential uses of homoeologous genomes such as M. papillosa in alfalfa genetic and breeding studies are discussed.Key words: cytogenetics, interspecific hybrids, ovule –embryo culture.

THE TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE OF THE WHEATS, BARLEYS, AND RYES AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Allohexaploid Wheat ◽  
Botanical Varieties

The correct name for the tribe that contains the wheats, barleys, and ryes and their wild relatives is TRITICEAE Dumort. The genus Triticum L. emend. is treated to include both the diploid, allotetraploid, and allohexaploid wheats (Triticum L.), and the diploid species and the allotetraploid and allohexaploid species of interspecific hybrid origin that were formerly placed in the genus Aegilops L. In the geuus Triticum L. emend., there are 10 diploid species; one allotetraploid wheat species of hybrid origin (T. turgidum L. emend.) which includes many cultivars, three botanical varieties, and one auto-allohexaploid form; one allohexaploid wheat (T. × aestivum L. emend.) which is a hybrid complex that includes many cultivars; 10 other allotetraploid or allohexaploid species of interspecific hybrid origin; and numerous other artificial and natural interspecific hybrids. Section HORDEUM of the genus Hordeum L. contains the cultivated barleys and their wild relatives which are all classified under one species, H. vulgare L. emend. The taxonomy of the ryes and the genus Secale L. is considered briefly.

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