Artificial insertion of a dominant gene for resistance to avian leukosis virus into the germ line of the chicken

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Salter ◽  
L. B. Crittenden
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Avian Leukosis Virus

GENETIC ENGINEERING TO IMPROVE RESISTANCE TO VIRAL DISEASES OF POULTRY: A MODEL FOR APPLICATION TO LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. CRITTENDEN ◽  
D. W. SALTER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Lymphoid Leukosis ◽  
Line Insertion

Several genetic engineering approaches can and will be used to control viral diseases in chickens. One approach is to insert genes for resistance in the germ line of the chicken. The endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) genes that segregate in the chicken serve as a natural model for germ line insertion and expression. One gene controls the expression of endogenous ALV envelope antigen. Chickens carrying that gene are resistant to infection with endogenous ALV. We propose, as a model, to insert the envelope gene of exogenous ALV, thus inserting a dominant gene for resistance to exogenous ALV. Our approach to germ line insertion in the chicken, including insertion methods, vectors and testing, is discussed. Genetic engineering approaches to animal breeding will only be useful as methods to enhance the efficacy of present breeding methods. Gene insertion can add new genetic variation by crossing the species barrier, and by introducing genes into highly productive lines one at a time. Molecular methods may also be useful for the introduction of chromosomal markers and to help identify major genes influencing phenotypes controlling productive efficiency. Key words: Germ line, vectors, retrovirus, chicken, endogenous virus, lymphoid leukosis

scholarly journals Domestic chickens activate a piRNA defense against avian leukosis virus

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huining Sun ◽  
Li Huitong Xie ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhuo ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Dalia Ghoneim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Avian Leukosis Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Genomic Locus ◽  
Know How

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect the germ line by targeting transposable elements (TEs) through the base-pair complementarity. We do not know how piRNAs co-evolve with TEs in chickens. Here we reported that all active TEs in the chicken germ line are targeted by piRNAs, and as TEs lose their activity, the corresponding piRNAs erode away. We observed de novo piRNA birth as host responds to a recent retroviral invasion. Avian leukosis virus (ALV) has endogenized prior to chicken domestication, remains infectious, and threatens poultry industry. Domestic fowl produce piRNAs targeting ALV from one ALV provirus that was known to render its host ALV resistant. This proviral locus does not produce piRNAs in undomesticated wild chickens. Our findings uncover rapid piRNA evolution reflecting contemporary TE activity, identify a new piRNA acquisition modality by activating a pre-existing genomic locus, and extend piRNA defense roles to include the period when endogenous retroviruses are still infectious.

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