Morphogenetic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf explants in vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Saunders ◽  
G. L. Hosfield ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Morphogenetic Effects

INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALLUS OF THE OIL PALM HYBRID MANICORÉ

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua Vilela ◽  
Jéssica de Castro e Andrade ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Patrick Callegari Magnani Santos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.

scholarly journals Influence of Growth Regulators on Callogenesis and Somatic Embryo Development in Date Palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) Sahelian Cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djibril Sané ◽  
Frédérique Aberlenc-Bertossi ◽  
Léopold Ibrahima Djitiningo Diatta ◽  
Badara Guèye ◽  
Abdourahman Daher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

This study provides a physiological analysis of somatic embryogenesis in four elite cultivars of date palms: Ahmar, Amsekhsi, Tijib, and Amaside, from the initial callogenesis to establishment and proliferation of embryogenic suspension cultures. Somatic embryos development and in vitro plants rooting were also studied. For each step, auxins and cytokinins concentrations were optimised. The primary callogenesis from leaf explants of seedlings appeared highly dependent on genotype. Ahmar (80%) and Amsekhsi (76%) appeared highly callogenic, whereas Tijib (10%) and Amaside (2%) produced low amounts of calluses. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid appeared favorable to the induction of primary callogenesis and its effect was enhanced by the addition of benzyl adenine or adenine sulfate. Secondary friable calli obtained from chopped granular calli were used to initiate embryogenic cell suspensions in media supplied with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Suspension cultures showed a growth rate of fourfold after four subcultures in presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2 mg/L. Our results showed that a seven-day transitory treatment with benzyl adenine 0,5 mg/L was necessary to optimize embryos development. Naphthalene acetic acid induced the development of primary orthogravitropic roots during embryos germination. The comparison with cytofluorometry of nuclear DNA amounts showed no significant difference in ploidy level between regenerated plants and seedlings.

scholarly journals PCIB Enhances Regeneration of Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennstedt Leaf Explants and Protoplasts

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Author(s):  
Ruth S. Kobayashi ◽  
John C. Bouwkamp ◽  
Stephen L. Sinden
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Ipomoea Cordatotriloba ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid

Leaf callus of Ipomoea cordatotriloba was initiated by culturing explants on Linsmaier and Skoog medium containing 3 g yeast extract/liter, 18.9 μm ABA, 2.3 μm 2,4-D, and 0.15 m sucrose. Calluses were transferred to Murashige and Skoog media containing 17.8 μm BA and 0, 1, 10, or 100 μm PCIB. The number of shoots from calluses grown on medium containing 10 μm PCIB increased significantly, and the percentage of calluses exhibiting shoot regeneration almost doubled compared to calluses grown on regeneration medium without PCIB. Protoplasts isolated from stem and petiole tissues of in vitro-grown plants were cultured in Kao and Michayluk 8p medium to the callus stage. Calluses (4-6 mm) were transferred to the callus induction and regeneration media used to regenerate leaf-explant callus. Of the protoplast-derived calluses cultured on media containing 10 or 100 μm PCIB, ≈13% and 18%, respectively, regenerated shoots after 2 months; none regenerated on the medium without PCIB. Chemical names used: abscisic acid (ABA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); N6-benzyladenine (BA); α -p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB).

scholarly journals Direct Shoot Regeneration from Vaccinium pahalae (Ohelo) and V. myrtillus (Bilberry) Leaf Explants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rida A. Shibli ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Direct Shoot Regeneration ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ohelo (V. pahalae Skottsb.) and bilberry (V. myrtillus L.) shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from whole leaves and leaf sections and also from hypocotyl explants of bilberry. Explants preincubated for 1 to 2 weeks in darkness yielded ≈75% regeneration frequencies and the highest number of regenerating shoots/explant on TDZ-supplemented media (0.9 to 2.7 μm). When 2iP or zeatin were substituted as the cytokinin source, frequencies of regeneration and shoot productivity were significantly lower. Explants held under constant illumination (no dark pretreatment) had significantly lower regeneration frequencies in all tested cytokinin-supplemented media. 2,4-D stimulated callus formation, but did not support regeneration from vegetative explants. Cells from callus and suspension cultures did not exhibit regeneration in any of the media that supported organogenesis from leaves. Regenerants were successfully micropropagated, although callus formation caused by zeatin and high 2iP levels interfered with shoot proliferation. Zeatin induced hyperhydricity in shoots from both species, but more severely in ohelo. Ex vitro rooting after treatment with 4.9 μm IBA or 5.4 μm NAA was 95% and 60% successful for bilberry and ohelo, respectively, and plants were readily acclimatized after an interval in a fog chamber. Bilberry microshoots also rooted in vitro in the absence of growth regulator treatment. Chemical names used: 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-H-purine-6-amine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron=1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazio-5-yl)urea (TDZ); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin).

scholarly journals Improving In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Leaf and Petiole Explants of `Marion' Blackberry

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengong Meng ◽  
Tony H.H. Chen ◽  
Chad E. Finn ◽  
Yonghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

Experiments focusing on plant growth regulators' concentrations and combinations, mineral salt formulations, and TDZ pretreatment formations were conducted to optimize in vitro shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of `Marion' blackberry. Optimum shoot formation was obtained when stock plants were incubated in TDZ pretreatment medium for 3 weeks before culturing leaf explants on regeneration medium (Woody Plant Medium with 5 μm BA and 0.5 μm IBA) in darkness for 1 week before transfer to light photoperiod (16-hour photoperiod at photosynthetic photon flux of ≈50 μmol·m-2·s-1) at 23 °C ± 2 °C for 4 weeks. Under these conditions, ≈70% of leaf explants formed ≈40 shoots per petri dish that could be harvested and rooted to form plantlets. Chemical names used: N6-benzyladenine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); gibberellic acid (GA3); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-ylurea [thidiazuron (TDZ)].

scholarly journals Induction of Callus in Leaf Explants of Crinum americanum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Kicia K. P. Gomes- Copeland ◽  
Izulmé R. I. Santos ◽  
Amanda G. Torres ◽  
João V. D. Gomes ◽  
Fabrício T. C. de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anti Fungal

Amaryllidaceae include plant species that present alkaloids with analgesic, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-malarial activities. Due to this pharmacological value, several species of this family have been widely studied and among them is White lilly, Crinum americanum. The objective of this work was to induce callogenesis on leaf explants of C. americanum cultivated in vitro for future production of alkaloids. Leaf explants were grown on a culture medium (solid) Murashige and Skoog (1962) supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators, auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and their effect on callogenesis assessed for percentage oxidation and explants responsive to callus induction. Callus formation started 10 days after hormone inoculation, and within 30 days after inoculation the best callogenesis and callus biomass growth were observed in medium containing 2.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 10 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine. The lowest percentage of oxidation was observed on explants cultivated on medium containing 5 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine and 2.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The calli obtained were compact and embryogenic. This work contributes not only to future studies on in vitro callogenesis of this species, but also to a possible protocol for the production of alkaloids of interest from cell suspension cultures produced in vitro. This is the first report of callus formation in Crinum americanum explants.

scholarly journals TDZ and 2,4-D on in vitro propagation of panda plant from leaf explants

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Wittaya Pakum ◽  
Onrut Inmano ◽  
Anupan Kongbangkerd
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract The panda plant (Kalanchoe tomentosa Baker) is a popular ornamental succulent. The optimal method for in vitro plantlet propagation was investigated. Effects of plant growth regulator on growth and development of leaf explants were determined using various concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg L-1. A concentration of 0.01 mg L-1 2,4-D gave the highest plantlet quality derived from direct organogenesis. Higher concentrations of 2,4-D promoted callus proliferation. The lowest concentration of 0.01 mg L-1 TDZ induced shorter shoots, while higher concentrations resulted in greater callogenesis and inhibit root production. After in vitro culture, plantlets from the optimal treatment were acclimatized by exposure to growth in sand, sand with coconut husk (2:1), sand with potting soil (2:1) and sand with perlite (2:1). Highest survival percentage (100%) was found in plantlets grown in sandy soil, the most well-drained material of those selected materials. Results demonstrated an alternative production method for panda plantlets using plant tissue culture techniques.

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Callus Derived from Marubakaido Apple Rootstock under Different Aluminium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460e-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa F. de Oliveira ◽  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
João B. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The aim of this work was to evaluate the organogenesis of Marubakaido apple rootstock under different aluminium concentratons. The explants were calli derived from apple internodes treated with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pichloram at 0.5 and 1.0 μM and under five different aluminium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). These calli were then treated with aluminium at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. It was observed shoot regeneration only for those calli previously treated with pichloram. There were no significant difference among the aluminium concentrations.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

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