Cytogenetic localisation of the purine 1 and guanosine 1 loci of Drosophila melanogaster; the purine 1 locus specifies a vital function

1979 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrie M. Johnson ◽  
E. P. Woloshyn ◽  
David Nash
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Cytogenetic Localisation

Sister chromatid cohesiveness: Vital function, obscure mechanism

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie P. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Ploidy Changes ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sister Centromere

Observations of chromosome behavior have suggested that it is sister chromatid cohesiveness which is primarily responsible for maintenance of chiasmate association between pachytene and anaphase of the first meiotic division and also for maintenance of sister centromere association until anaphase II. These associations seem essential for assurance of normal distribution of chromosomes into gametes (except in organisms in which alternative means have evolved, such as the male of Drosophila melanogaster). Sister chromatid cohesiveness is also found in varying degrees at mitosis. Reports of observations that are relevant to the nature of this cohesiveness are reviewed here with particular attention to behavior under a variety of conditions which include ploidy changes, presence of mutation effects, chromosome rearrangements, and experimental treatments. Attention is focused on constraints imposed upon model building by the observations, and also on directions for future study, which seem promising.Key words: sister chromatid cohesiveness, chiasmata, topoisomerase II, synaptonemal complex, meiosis.

scholarly journals Most sleep does not serve a vital function. Evidence from Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Geissmann ◽  
Esteban J. Beckwith ◽  
Giorgio F. Gilestro
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Open Question

AbstractSleep appears to be a universally conserved phenomenon among the animal kingdom but whether this striking evolutionary conservation underlies a basic vital function is still an open question. Using novel technologies, we conducted an unprecedentedly detailed high-throughput analysis of sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, coupled with a life-long chronic and specific sleep restriction. Our results show that some wild-type flies are virtually sleepless in baseline conditions and that complete, forced sleep restriction is not necessarily a lethal treatment in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. We also show that circadian drive, and not homeostatic regulation, is the main contributor to sleep pressure in flies. We propose a three-partite model framework of sleep function, according to which, total sleep accounts for three components: a vital component, a useful component, and an accessory component.

scholarly journals Rescue from the abnormal oocyte maternal-effect lethality by ABO heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tomkiel ◽  
S Pimpinelli ◽  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Loss Event ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Fertilized Egg

Abstract The euchromatic maternal-effect mutation abnormal oocyte (abo), of Drosophila melanogaster interacts with regions of heterochromatin known as ABO, which reside on the X, Y and second chromosomes. Here, we show that survival of progeny from abo females depends in part upon the maternal dosage of ABO heterochromatin. A comparison was made of the recovery of genotypically identical progeny from abo mothers bearing sex chromosomes of various ABO contents. The results show that the recovery of daughters was decreased if mothers were ABO-/ABO-. However, no decrease was observed if mothers were ABO+/ABO-. In addition, the survival of daughters was greater when they received an ABO-X chromosome from an ABO-/ABO+ mother rather than the father. We suggest that these results reflect a complementation or interaction between the ABO-deficient X and the ABO heterochromatin in the maternal genome. This proposed interaction could occur early in oogenesis in the mother or prior to completion of meiosis I in the fertilized egg. To determine if zygotic dosage of ABO heterochromatin might also be important at very early stages of embryogenesis, we examined the timing of zygotic rescue by paternally donated ABO heterochromatin using a second mutation, paternal loss (pal). Homozygous pal males produce progeny which lose paternally derived chromosomes during the early zygotic divisions. Zygotes that have lost a paternal sex chromosome in a fraction of their nuclei will be mosaic for the amount of ABO heterochromatin. By monitoring the recovery of pal-induced mosaics from abo and abo+ females, we could determine the temporal and spatial requirements for ABO function. Results show that the survival of progeny from the abo maternal-effect lethality was increased if ABO heterochromatin was present prior to the pal-induced loss event. Analysis of mosaic patterns did not reveal a specific lethal focus. We conclude from these results that ABO heterochromatin serves its vital function prior to completion of the early cleavage divisions in progeny of abo mothers.

scholarly journals Most sleep does not serve a vital function: Evidence from Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. eaau9253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Geissmann ◽  
Esteban J. Beckwith ◽  
Giorgio F. Gilestro
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Open Question

Sleep appears to be a universally conserved phenomenon among the animal kingdom, but whether this notable evolutionary conservation underlies a basic vital function is still an open question. Using a machine learning–based video-tracking technology, we conducted a detailed high-throughput analysis of sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, coupled with a lifelong chronic and specific sleep restriction. Our results show that some wild-type flies are virtually sleepless in baseline conditions and that complete, forced sleep restriction is not necessarily a lethal treatment in wild-type D. melanogaster. We also show that circadian drive, and not homeostatic regulation, is the main contributor to sleep pressure in flies. These results offer a new perspective on the biological role of sleep in Drosophila and, potentially, in other species.

Author response for "Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa F. Dinges ◽  
Alexander S. Chockley ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Kei Ito ◽  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

Apoptosis and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin V McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

Insights into amyloid disease from fly models

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Fan Chen ◽  
Damian C. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aβ Amyloid ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Amyloid Diseases

The formation of amyloid aggregates is a feature of most, if not all, polypeptide chains. In vivo modelling of this process has been undertaken in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster with remarkable success. Models of both neurological and systemic amyloid diseases have been generated and have informed our understanding of disease pathogenesis in two main ways. First, the toxic amyloid species have been at least partially characterized, for example in the case of the Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) associated with Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, the genetic underpinning of model disease-linked phenotypes has been characterized for a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The current challenge is to integrate our understanding of disease-linked processes in the fly with our growing knowledge of human disease, for the benefit of patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document